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Is begging around the Masjid permitted? Should one give to them?

fatwa-tt January 23, 2024

Question:

Is begging around the masjid on Friday permitted? There are usually around 10 beggars, which causes various inconveniences to the attendees and the others on the compound.

Answer:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

On the outset, habitual begging is a very disliked action in Islaam. There are numerous warnings in Hadith against persistent begging. Among them are the following:

– Abu Hurayrah (radiyallahu ‘anhu) reports that Nabi (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) said: “By the One in whose hand my life is, it is better for one of you to take a rope and carry firewood on his back than for him to go to someone and beg, who will either give him or refuse to give him anything.” (Sahih Bukhari)

-‘Abdullah  ibn ‘Umar (radiyallahu ‘anhu) reports that Nabi (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) said: “A man who continues to beg, will not have any flesh on his face on the Day of Qiyamah” (Sahih Bukhari)

– The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) also said: He who asks (from people) when he has that which is sufficient for him, then he is simply asking for a large amount of Hell-fire. (al-Nufayli (a transmitter) said elsewhere: “He is asking from the embers of Hell”) They asked: “O Messenger of Allah! What is considered sufficient?” (al-Nufayli said at another place: “What is that sufficient amount which makes begging unfitting?”) He (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) replied: “The amount which would provide a morning and an evening meal.” (Elsewhere al-Nufayli said: “It is when one has enough for a day and night, or for a night and a day.”) (Sunan Ab1 Dawud,1629)

Based on the above narrations, our Hanafi jurists have stated that it is not permitted for a person who owns sufficient foods for one day, to ask for any provision or monies, especially in the case where one has the ability to earn. The one who gives such a person may also be sinful if he knew of his circumstance (meaning one gives him despite knowing that he owns the provision of one day), as such is encouraging another in sin[1].

Persons should especially refrain from giving beggars in Masjids where such begging is causing inconveniences to others. In many cases such beggars harass attendees, intimidate womenfolk etc and disturb the environment around the masjid. In such cases also, giving such individuals is clearly prohibited by our Fuqahaa (jurists)[2].     

Furthermore, it is well known that the majority of such beggars are habitual and opportunistic, non Muslim beggars and in many cases the monies are used to purchase Haraam. Giving such individuals again is clearly prohibited or at least very disliked by our Fuqahaa (jurists).      

It should be noted however that it is permissible for one to ask if he has absolutely no basic necessities of life, for example food, and he is physically unable to earn for himself. If a person has basic necessities of life or he can earn, then it is not permissible for him to beg.

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best.

Mufti Arshad Ali

Darul Iftaa, Jaamia Madinatul Uloom (Trinidad)

www.fatwa-tt.com /www.jaamia.net


[1] الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (2/ 354)

(وَلَا) يَحِلُّ أَنْ (يَسْأَلَ) مِنْ الْقُوتِ (مَنْ لَهُ قُوتُ يَوْمِهِ) بِالْفِعْلِ أَوْ بِالْقُوَّةِ كَالصَّحِيحِ الْمُكْتَسِبِ وَيَأْثَمُ مُعْطِيهِ إنْ عَلِمَ بِحَالِهِ لِإِعَانَتِهِ عَلَى الْمُحَرَّمِ (وَلَوْ سَأَلَ لِلْكِسْوَةِ) أَوْ لِاشْتِغَالِهِ عَنْ الْكَسْبِ بِالْجِهَادِ أَوْ طَلَبِ الْعِلْمِ (جَازَ) لَوْ مُحْتَاجًا. .

(قَوْلُهُ: وَلَا يَحِلُّ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ إلَخْ) قُيِّدَ بِالسُّؤَالِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْأَخْذَ بِدُونِهِ لَا يَحْرُمُ بَحْرٌ، وَقُيِّدَ بِقَوْلِهِ شَيْئًا مِنْ الْقُوتِ؛ لِأَنَّ لَهُ سُؤَالَ مَا هُوَ مُحْتَاجٌ إلَيْهِ غَيْرِ الْقُوتِ كَثَوْبٍ شُرُنْبُلَالِيَّةٌ.

وَإِذَا كَانَ لَهُ دَارٌ يَسْكُنُهَا وَلَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْكَسْبِ قَالَ ظَهِيرُ الدِّينِ: لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ السُّؤَالُ إذَا كَانَ يَكْفِيهِ مَا دُونَهَا مِعْرَاجٌ، ثُمَّ نَقَلَ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى الْجَوَازِ وَقَالَ وَهُوَ أَوْسَعُ وَبِهِ يُفْتَى (قَوْلُهُ: كَالصَّحِيحِ الْمُكْتَسَبِ) ؛ لِأَنَّهُ قَادِرٌ بِصِحَّتِهِ وَاكْتِسَابِهِ عَلَى قُوتِ الْيَوْمِ بَحْرٌ (قَوْلُهُ وَيَأْثَمُ مُعْطِيهِ إلَخْ) قَالَ الْأَكْمَلُ فِي شَرْحِ الْمَشَارِقِ.

الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (2/ 355)

قَالَ الْمَقْدِسِيَّ فِي شَرْحِهِ وَأَنْتَ خَبِيرٌ بِأَنَّ الظَّاهِرَ أَنَّ مُرَادَهُمْ أَنَّ الدَّفْعَ إلَى مِثْلِ هَذَا يَدْعُو إلَى السُّؤَالِ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الْمَذْكُورِ وَبِالْمَنْعِ رُبَّمَا يَتُوبُ عَنْ مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ فَلْيُتَأَمَّلْ اهـ

الفتاوى الهندية – ط. دار الفكر (5/ 349)

وَمَنْ كان له قُوتُ يَوْمِهِ لَا يَحِلُّ له السُّؤَالُ كَذَا في الِاخْتِيَارِ شَرْحِ الْمُخْتَارِ وما جَمَعَ السَّائِلُ من الْمَالِ فَهُوَ خَبِيثٌ كَذَا في الْيَنَابِيعِ

الاختيار لتعليل المختار (4/ 176)

قَالَ: (وَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ قُوتُ يَوْمِهِ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ السُّؤَالُ) لِقَوْلِهِ – عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ -: «مَنْ سَأَلَ النَّاسَ وَهُوَ غَنِيٌّ عَمَّا يَسْأَلُ جَاءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَمَسْأَلَتُهُ خُدُوشٌ أَوْ خُمُوشٌ أَوْ كُدُوحٌ فِي وَجْهِهِ» وَلِأَنَّهُ أَذَلَّ نَفْسَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ ضَرُورَةٍ وَأَنَّهُ حَرَامٌ. قَالَ – عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ -: «لَا يَحِلُّ لِلْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يُذِلَّ نَفْسَهُ» .

قَالَ: (وَيُكَرَهُ إِعْطَاءُ سُؤَّالِ الْمَسَاجِدِ) فَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي الْأَثَرِ: يُنَادَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ لِيَقُمْ بَغِيضُ اللَّهِ، فَيَقُومُ سُؤَّالُ الْمَسْجِدِ.

[2] تحفة الملوك (ص: 274) [دار البشائر لإسلامية]

472 – [السُّؤَال فِي الْمَسْجِد] والسائل فِي الْمَسْجِد قيل يحرم إِعْطَاؤُهُ وَالْمُخْتَار أَنه إِذا كَانَ لَا يتخطى رِقَاب النَّاس وَلَا يمر بَين يَدي الْمُصَلِّين وَلَا يسْأَل النَّاس إلحافاً يُبَاح إِعْطَاؤُهُ وَإِن كَانَ يفعل وَاحِدَة من هَذِه الثَّلَاثَة يحرم إِعْطَاؤُهُ

الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (2/ 164)

ويكره التخطي للسؤال بكل حال «وسئل – عليه الصلاة والسلام – عن ساعة الإجابة فقال: ما بين جلوس الإمام إلى أن يتم الصلاة» وهو الصحيح.

قال ابن عابدين: (قوله ويكره التخطي للسؤال إلخ) قال في النهر: والمختار أن السائل إن كان لا يمر بين يدي المصلي ولا يتخطى الرقاب ولا يسأل إلحافا بل لأمر لا بد منه فلا بأس بالسؤال والإعطاء اهـ ومثله في البزازية. وفيها ولا يجوز الإعطاء إذا لم يكونوا على تلك الصفة المذكورة. قال الإمام أبو نصر العياضي: أرجو أن يغفر الله – تعالى – لمن يخرجهم من المسجد. وعن الإمام خلف بن أيوب: لو كنت قاضيا لم أقبل شهادة من يتصدق عليهم. اهـ. وسيأتي في باب المصرف أنه لا يحل أن يسأل شيئا من له قوت يومه بالفعل أو بالقوة كالصحيح المكتسب ويأثم معطيه إن علم بحالته لإعانته على المحرم.

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