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Is someone in I’tikaaf allowed to leave the masjid to attend a Janazah or visit a sick?

fatwa-tt June 20, 2016

Question:

Is a person spending I’tikaaf in Ramadhan allowed to leave the masjid to attend a Janazah or visit a sick?

Answer

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

 

The Jurists have mentioned that a person spending Sunnah I’tikaaf (during Ramadhan) is not allowed to leave the boundaries of the Masjid except for necessities, which are defined and stipulated by the Shariah. Attending a Janazah and visiting a sick are indeed acts of merit, however these acts are not regarded as necessities that would permit a person spending Sunnah I’tikaaf to leave the Masjid. Therefore if he leaves the boundaries of the Masjid for these purposes his I’tikaaf would be invalidated and Qadha would be obligatory upon him.[1]

If however, a person at the beginning of his Sunnah I’tikaaf made Ishtiraat i.e. he makes a condition (by means of intention) to visit the sick, perform Janazah and attend gatherings of knowledge then he is allowed to do so, except that his Sunnah I’tikaaf would be terminated and his I’tikaaf would be transformed into a Nafl I’tikaaf.

The benefit of making Ishtiraat at the beginning of the I’tikaaf is that a person would not be sinful if he deliberately leaves the boundaries of the Masjid for the purposes in which he intended in his Ishtiraat. Furthermore, the invalidation of his Sunnah I’tikaaf would not necessitate any Qadha.

NB: It is widely misunderstood that a person observing Sunnah I’tikaaf is allowed to leave the Masjid for purposes of visiting the sick, attending Janazah and gatherings of knowledge provided that he made these conditions (Ishtiraat) at the onset of his I’tikaaf. The Books of Fiqh have stated that, if a person after making Ishtiraat leaves the Masjid for such purposes then his I’tikaaf does not become invalidated.[2] However, what is implied by this is; the I’tikaaf itself is not nullified rather it is transformed into a Nafl I’tikaaf and the consequent transformation of the I’tikaaf into Nafl means that the Sunnah aspect of the I’tikaaf becomes terminated and nullified.[3]

Allamah Zafar Uthmani mentions: If a person makes a condition (to visit the sick, attend Janazah etc.) at the beginning of his I’tikaaf, would the Sunnah aspect of the I’tikaaf be fulfilled? He then mentioned; I have not seen this mentioned explicitly in the books of Fiqh, however, what is clear and evident is that, the Sunnah aspect would not be fulfilled and the I’tikaaf would become a Nafl I’tikaaf. This is because the Holy Prophet ﷺ did not leave the Masjid during I’tikaaf except for human-necessities and furthermore, he didn’t make any conditions at the beginning of his I’tikaaf to leave the Masjid for reasons other than these necessities.[4]

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Mufti Kaleem Muhammad

Darul Iftaa, Jaamia Madinatul Uloom

Trinidad, West Indies

www.fatwa-tt.com /www.jaamia.net

[1] بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (2/ 114)

ولا يخرج لعيادة مريض ولا لصلاة جنازة؛ لأنه لا ضرورة إلى الخروج؛ لأن عيادة المريض ليست من الفرائض، بل من الفضائل وصلاة الجنازة ليست بفرض عين بل فرض كفاية تسقط عنه بقيام الباقين بها؛ فلا يجوز إبطال الاعتكاف لأجلها وما روي عن النبي – صلى الله عليه وسلم – من الرخصة في عيادة المريض وصلاة الجنازة؛ فقد قال أبو يوسف: ذلك محمول عندنا على الاعتكاف الذي يتطوع به من غير إيجاب فله أن يخرج متى شاء ويجوز أن تحمل الرخصة على ما إذا كان خرج المعتكف لوجه مباح كحاجة الإنسان أو للجمعة، ثم عاد مريضا أو صلى على جنازة من غير أن كان خروجه لذلك قصدا وذلك جائز.

البحر الرائق شرح كنز الدقائق ومنحة الخالق وتكملة الطوري (2/ 325)

يحرم على المعتكف الخروج ليلا، أو نهارا صرح بالحرمة صاحب المحيط وأفاد أنه لا يخرج لعيادة المريض وصلاة الجنازة لعدم الضرورة المطلقة للخروج كذا في غاية البيان وفي المحيط

المبسوط للسرخسي (3/ 118)

(قال): ولا يعود المعتكف مريضا ولا يشهد جنازة إلا على قول الحسن البصري فإنه يروي حديثا أن رسول الله – صلى الله عليه وسلم – قال: «يعود المعتكف المريض ويشهد الجنازة».

(ولنا) حديث عائشة – رضي الله عنها – أن رسول الله – صلى الله عليه وسلم – «كان في اعتكافه إذا خرج لحاجة الإنسان يمر بالمريض فيسأل عنه ولا يعرج عليه»؛ ولأن هذا لم يكن معلوما وقوعه في مدة اعتكافه فالخروج لأجله لم يكن مستثنى كالخروج لتلقي الحاج وتشييعهم.

الأصل للشيباني ط قطر (2/ 183)

وليس ينبغي للمعتكف أن يخرج من المسجد لحاجة ما خلا الجمعة والغائط والبول، فأما عيادة المريض وشهادة الجنازة فليس ينبغي له أن يخرج لذلك، وكذلك ما سوى ذلك من الحوائج

الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (2/ 446)

وما روي عنه – صلى الله عليه وسلم – من الرخصة في عيادة المريض وصلاة الجنازة فقد قال أبو يوسف: ذلك محمول على اعتكاف التطوع ويجوز حمل الرخصة على ما لو خرج لوجه مباح كحاجة الإنسان أو الجمعة وعاد مريضا أو صلى على جنازة من غير أن يخرج لذلك قصدا وذلك جائز اه

الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (2/ 448)

والحاصل: أن مذهب الإمام الفساد بالخروج إلا لبول أو غائط أو جمعة كما مر التصريح به عن كافي الحاكم وعليه ما مر عن الخانية والخلاصة والفتح

[2] حاشية الطحطاوي على مراقي الفلاح شرح نور الإيضاح (ص: 702)

وفي التتارخانية عن الحجة لو شرط وقت النذر أن يخرج لعيادة المريض وصلاة الجنازة وحضور مجلس علم جاز ذلك فليحفظ اهـ در

[3] Rules of I’tikaaf by Justice Mufti Taqi Uthmani pg.26-27

[4] Ahkaam al Quran pg.273 vol 1 Idaratul Qur/an Karachi

 

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