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Validity of Nikah done casually.

fatwa-tt October 24, 2014

Question:

“We would have looked crazy on your wedding day” he said to me on text message and I replied “what you mean?? Ours??” And he replied “if we did” this was on text message and was read allowed Infront of and to men on my side and his side (he said he read to friends that’s how I know). I’m really worried about that because Of this nikah will be done. Also I’ve had boys ask me to marry them on message and I’d say yeah I can’t remember specifically and I’d tell my friends or my friends girls or boys were there of the message At the time I can’t remember.. At all.. !! Please can you reply to me and reassure me nikah is not valid by these messages..??? I’m aware I’ve done wrong please reply jazakAllah.. In all this I’ve never had the intention of actually marrying at that moment! And also boys in my past have have said nikah declarences in private such as in a car and in public such as college/uni and park and in general, we’ve never specifically brought people for the intention of nikah but I’m unaware If our male friends overheard our conversation of marriage and saying ijaab and qabool and also I’m unaware if passerbys overheard our conversations..I’m really worried that nikah would have been done.. I’ve been aquatinted with more than one boy In my past too. I’m so worried and many years down the line I’m now getting Waswasa of my awful past.. Please reply to me and please help me answer this question that I’m not a married girl and that the person my parents want me to marry It would be allowed and halal to. Please and jazakAllah.

 

Answer:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

In the first situation on text messages that you referred to, Nikah did not take place, as there was no valid Ijaab and Qabool.

As far as the other situations, in principle Nikah will only be valid if;

  • The Ijaab and Qabool (proposal and acceptance) was done in the same sitting [1]
  • In the presence of at least two male witnesses or one male witness and two female.
  • The two witnesses hear and understand the proposal and acceptance together at the same time.[2]

You would have to apply your mind and fear Allah and decide for yourself weather the above mentioned conditions were found in any of your past situations.

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Arshad Ali

https://fatwa-tt.com


Trinidad

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.

[1] [1] وصورته أن يكتب إليها يخطبها فإذا بلغها الكتاب أحضرت الشهود وقرأته عليهم وقالت زوجت نفسي منه أو تقول إن فلانا كتب إلي يخطبني فاشهدوا أني زوجت نفسي منه. أما لو لم تقل بحجرتهم سوى زوجت نفسي من فلان لا ينعقد لأن سماع الشطرين شرط صحة النكاح، وبإسماعهم الكتاب أو التعبير عنه منها قد سمعوا الشطرين بخلاف ما إذا انتفيا

[رد المحتار ج٣ ص١٢ ايج ايم سعيد]

[2] الفتاوى الهندية – ط. دار الفكر (1/ 268)

وَمِنْهَا سَمَاعُ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ كَلَامَهُمَا مَعًا هَكَذَا في فَتْحِ الْقَدِيرِ فَلَا يَنْعَقِدُ بِشَهَادَةِ نَائِمَيْنِ إذَا لم يَسْمَعَا كَلَامَ الْعَاقِدَيْنِ كَذَا في فَتَاوَى قَاضِي خَانْ وَتَكَلَّمُوا في الْأَصَمَّيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ لَا يَسْمَعَانِ وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَنْعَقِدُ كَذَا في شَرْحِ الْجَامِعِ الصَّغِيرِ لِقَاضِي خَانْ وَيَنْعَقِدُ النِّكَاحُ بِشَهَادَةِ الْمُعْتَقَلِ وَالْأَخْرَسِ إنْ كان يَسْمَعُ كَذَا في الْخُلَاصَةِ وَلَوْ سَمِعَا كَلَامَ أَحَدِهِمَا دُونَ الْآخَرِ أو سمع أَحَدُهُمَا كَلَامَ أَحَدِهِمَا وَالْآخَرُ كَلَامَ الْآخَرِ لَا يَجُوزُ النِّكَاحُ هَكَذَا في الْبَدَائِعِ وَلَوْ كان بِحَضْرَةِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ وَأَحَدُهُمَا أَصَمُّ فَسَمِعَ السَّمِيعُ دُونَ الْأَصَمِّ فَصَاحَ السَّمِيعُ أو رَجُلٌ آخَرُ في أُذُنِ الْأَصَمِّ لَا يَجُوزُ حتى يَكُونَ سَمَاعُهُمَا مَعًا كَذَا في فَتَاوَى قَاضِي خَانْ

بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع (2/ 255)

وَمِنْهَا سَمَاعُ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ كَلَامَ الْمُتَعَاقِدَيْنِ جَمِيعًا حَتَّى لَوْ سَمِعَا كَلَامَ أَحَدِهِمَا دُونَ الْآخَرِ أَوْ سَمِعَ أَحَدُهُمَا كَلَامَ أَحَدِهِمَا وَالْآخَرُ كَلَامَ الْآخَرِ لَا يَجُوزُ النِّكَاحُ؛ لِأَنَّ الشَّهَادَةَ أَعْنِي حُضُورَ الشُّهُودِ شَرْطُ رُكْنِ الْعَقْدِ، وَرُكْنُ الْعَقْدِ هُوَ الْإِيجَابُ وَالْقَبُولُ فِيمَا لَمْ يَسْمَعَا كَلَامَهُمَا لَا تَتَحَقَّقُ الشَّهَادَةُ عَنْ الرُّكْنِ فَلَا يُوجَدُ شَرْطُ الرُّكْنِ – وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ

المحيط البرهاني في الفقه النعماني (3/ 28)

في «المنتقى» عن أبي يوسف رحمه الله: رجل تزوج امرأة وسمع أحد الشاهدين كلامهما (192أ1) ولم يسمع الشاهد الآخر؛ ثم أعادا على الذي لم يسمع؛ إن كان المجلس واحداً جاز استحساناً، وإن كان متفرقاً لا يجوز، قال الحاكم أبو الفضل رحمه الله: وقد روي من وجه آخر عن أبي يوسف رحمه الله: أنه لا يجوز حتى يسمعا معاً، إذ لا يوجد عند كل واحد من النكاحين إلا شاهد واحد.

وفي «فتاوى أبي الليث» رحمه الله في كتاب الشهادات: تزوج بمحضر رجلين أحدهما أصم، فسمع السميع ولم يسمع الأصم حتى صاح صاحبه في أذنه أو غيره لا يجوز النكاح حتى يكون السماع معاً. وفي «نظم الزندويستي» : إذا سمع أحد الشاهدين كلام المرأة وسمع الشاهد الآخر كلام الزوج ثم أعاد العقد؛ فالذي سمع كلام الزوج في العقد الأول سمع في هذا العقد كلام المرأة لا غير، والذي سمع كلام المرأة في العقد

 

Tags: boyfriend nikah

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