{"id":873,"date":"2015-11-20T04:18:28","date_gmt":"2015-11-20T04:18:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/?p=873"},"modified":"2017-11-09T00:03:47","modified_gmt":"2017-11-09T04:03:47","slug":"which-parent-has-the-right-of-custody-of-the-children-in-islam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/which-parent-has-the-right-of-custody-of-the-children-in-islam\/","title":{"rendered":"Which parent has the right of custody of the children in Islam?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Question:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

If the husband and wife separate, who has the right of custody of the child? Please explain in detail.<\/span><\/p>\n

May Allah reward you.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0648 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

According the Hanafi Math-hab<\/em>, there is a detailed codified system regarding the custody of minors. There is detail regarding the order of custody as well as the age which governs the devolution of custody to the party which will be in charge of fostering the child, or educating and protecting the child as per requirement of the child at the different stages of development.<\/span><\/p>\n

The laws of Shari\u2019ah<\/em> award custody over male children, up to the age of seven, to the mother (or the party replacing the mother in case the mother is disqualified for reasons outlined below). In the case of female children, the mother (or the party replacing the mother in case the mother is disqualified for reasons outlined below), is awarded custody up to the age of nine. However, providing maintenance (fulfilling their needs like food, clothes, housing, madrassa & school fees, etc.) will still be the duty of the father. [Shaamiyyah V.3 Pg.612] [Fataawa Mahmoodiyyah (old nuskhah), vol.9, pg.226-7]. Thereafter, the mother must pass over the custody to the father after the respective ages. If she refuses to do so she will be sinning. The father also has no choice in this matter; he must take custody of the children after they reach the stipulated age. [See: Raddul Muhtaar; vol.3 pg.562-6 Fataawaa Hindiyyah vol.1 pg.541-2]<\/em>. <\/em>The child has no choice in this regard. <\/em>[Raddul Muhtaar; vol.3 pg.567].<\/em> Up to the above mentioned ages, the needs and necessities are more appropriately taken care of by the mother. Therefore, Shari\u2019ah has awarded custody to the mother. However, after the abovementioned ages, the needs and necessities of the child are naturally different (e.g. expenses increase, puberty and marital matters arise etc.). In light of this, Shari\u2019ah awards custody to the father. It is clearly evident from the above, that the best interest of the child has actually been considered in Shari\u2019ah.<\/span><\/p>\n

N.B.: It must be borne in mind that the above laws will apply only until the children become mature. Once they attain puberty, they will be at liberty to choose which parent they wish to live with.<\/span><\/p>\n

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This is the position of the Shari\u2019ah<\/em> in this regard, and does not change unless circumstances prevail which causes the parents to lose their right of custody. Even then, the custody does not devolve to the opposite party, rather it passes over to those people, as mentioned by our Fuqah\u00e2, who are fit for achieving the same objectives as the particular parent who lost custody; e.g. if the mother is denied the right to custody because of any of the reasons mentioned below, then this right will then devolve to the child’s maternal grandmother (mother\u2019s mother –<\/em> naani<\/em>), paternal grandmother (father\u2019s mother – daadi<\/em>), the child\u2019s sister, stepsister, maternal aunt (mother\u2019s sister) and paternal aunt (father\u2019s sister), in that order of sequence; depending on which of these relatives exist and if they are prepared to look after the child; failing which then the father will get custody. [See: Hindiya- Vol.1 Pg541..;-RaddulMuhtar<\/em> V.3 Pg.555, 557, 563, 565, 566, 567, 568;-TabyeenulHaqaaiq V.3 Pg.46; -AlbahrurRaaiq V.4 Pg.167-169; -AlLubaab V.2 Pg.218;-<\/em> Fataawaa Mahmudiyya V.9 Pg.225, 226, 240;- Fataawaa Rahimiyyah V.2 Pg.154, 155; V.8 Pg.443, 447, 449, 451; – Ahsanul Fataawaa V.5 Pg.459<\/em>]<\/span><\/p>\n

From amongst the circumstances that disqualify a rightful custodian from custody are:<\/span><\/p>\n

1) Immorality of the custodian like the custodian being an immoral person involved in adultery; theft; singing; the lady constantly leaving the home. [Ref: Al-Ibaanah \u2018an Akhzhil Ujrah lil Hadaaanah of Allamah Shaami, part of Majmoo\u2019ah Rasaail ibn \u2018Abideen pg.265]<\/em> This includes the intake of alcohol. [See: Matawan Anqarwiyyah vol.1 pg.99]<\/em> Drug abuse and other Shar\u2019i recognized crimes which affect the nurturing of the child will also be included.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Incapability of the custodian also leads to denial of the right to custody. [Hindiyyah vol.1 pg. 541]<\/em> This includes mental instability. [Raddul Muhtaar vol.3 pg.566]<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

3) If the custodian apostatizes or converts to another religion (becomes a murtad<\/em> and k\u00e2fir<\/em>) \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 !<\/span><\/p>\n

4) If the mother keeps the child with such people who despise or abuse the child, e.g. the stepfather. [Raddul Muhtaar vol.3 pg.565]<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

5) If the lady who has custody marries such a person who is not a mahram<\/em> (blood relative) of the child, she forfeits her right to custody. [Hindiyyah vol.1 pg.541].<\/em> A Mahram <\/em>refers to a person whom one is not <\/strong>permitted to marry. Hence, if the mother happens to get married to a \u201cGhair-Mahram\u201d<\/em> of her child, she will lose her right of custody, but the right of custody will still remain within her family as her mother, who is the maternal grandmother (naani<\/em>) of the child, will be awarded custody (in the order of sequence mentioned above). In other words, the father will still not <\/strong>have the right to assume custody (because of the marriage), until the male child turns seven or the female nine. But if the mother marries any Mahram<\/em> of the child, then she will still retain custody of the child. For example, a girl cannot<\/em> marry her paternal uncle, so such an uncle would be considered to be a Mahram <\/em>of that girl. So if the mother marries the child\u2019s paternal uncle (i.e. her ex-husband\u2019s brother), then she would retain her right of custody.<\/span><\/p>\n

Regarding the maintenance of the child, if the child does not have his own personal wealth then it is obligatory upon the father to provide maintenance for the child. Irrespective of the situation, in terms of Shari\u2019ah<\/em>, the father of the child is solely responsible for the maintenance of his child even whilst he is in his mother\u2019s custody and thereafter too, when he comes into the father\u2019s custody; until such a stage that a son is able to earn for himself, or until the daughter gets married (unless she is earning some permissible income for herself); to such an extent that even if the father is poor he will be required to take a loan and indebt himself so as to fulfill this responsibility (maintenance). It was thus a gross injustice and sin on his part to refuse payment for maintenance of the children. However, once the child reaches the stipulated age, the father will still maintain his right of custody, even if he did not pay the child\u2019s maintenance while the child was in the mother\u2019s custody. Furthermore, if the father did not provide maintenance for his child, then the maintenance cannot be claimed for the time that has elapsed already, only for the future. [See Fat<\/em>\u00e2w<\/em>\u00e2 Mahmudiyya V.13 Pg. 573]<\/em>\u0627<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

While the child is in the one parent\u2019s custody, the other parent will have the right in terms of Islamic Law, to go and visit the child even on a daily basis if he\/she so wishes. This right of access and visitation cannot be denied to the non-custodian parent. The non-custodian parent cannot compel the custodian parent to let the child go away with him\/her daily even for a few hours. The non-custodian merely has the right to visit the child for a little while and then come away. However, with the consent of the custodian parent, arrangements could be made to let the child spend some part\/s of the school holidays (or any other mutually agreed time) with the non-custodian parent. If<\/em><\/strong> the custodian parent agrees, he\/she could even allow the other parent to take the child away for a few hours each week. All or any of these arrangements would be permissible if done with mutual agreement and consent; it cannot be enforced in any way upon each other.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0631\u064f\u062c\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f\u0650 \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0646\u0652\u0642\u0650\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0631\u064d \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064f \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0636\u0650\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0642\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064c \u0628\u0650\u062d\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062b\u064f \u0644\u0648 \u062e\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0628\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f\u0650 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0643\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064f\u062c\u064f\u0648\u0639\u064f \u0625\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0632\u0650\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0644\u0650 .<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c-1 \u0635-543 ) , ( \u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a: \u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c-9 \u0635-153 )<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

And Allah Ta\u2019\u0101la Knows Best<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Mufti Khaleel Ali<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Darul Iftaa, Jaamia Madinatul Uloom (Trinidad)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

www.fatwa-tt.com<\/strong><\/a> \/<\/strong>www.jaamia.net<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Question: If the husband and wife separate, who has the right of custody of the child? Please explain<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1601,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,13,23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divorce","category-marriage","category-social-issues"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/873","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=873"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/873\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}