{"id":865,"date":"2015-11-13T03:39:36","date_gmt":"2015-11-13T03:39:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/?p=865"},"modified":"2017-11-08T16:18:34","modified_gmt":"2017-11-08T20:18:34","slug":"can-a-woman-marry-without-the-knowledge-and-consent-of-her-parents-what-is-kafaah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/can-a-woman-marry-without-the-knowledge-and-consent-of-her-parents-what-is-kafaah\/","title":{"rendered":"Can a woman marry without the knowledge and consent of her parents? What is Kafa’ah?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Question<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

If a woman marries someone without the knowledge and consent of her parents, would that marriage be valid according to Islam. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Answer<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In normal circumstances, a woman should not seek to contract a marriage without the knowledge and permission of her Wali (legal Islamic guardian). Except in cases where the guardian is negligent to the well-being and Islamic upbringing of their children.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nevertheless, the marriage would be valid according to the Shariah provided that the conditions necessary for the validity of a marriage are fulfilled viz.<\/span><\/p>\n

(i) The contract is constituted by proper offer and acceptance.<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) The presence of witnesses (two adult, sane Muslim males or one adult, sane Muslim male and two adult, sane Muslim females).<\/span><\/p>\n

(iii)The element of al-kaf\u0101’ah<\/em> (i.e. suitable match, social- equality and compatibility) that must exist in her spouse.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to the Islamic Jurists, this third condition is only applicable to a situation where an adult woman marries without the consent of her legal guardian. In the case where the element of al-kaf\u0101’ah<\/em> (compatibility) does not exist, however permission was sought from her legal guardian, the marriage would be Valid<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Wali<\/strong> (Legal guardian) is from the Asabah category, who according to sequence of priority are: Father, Paternal grandfather, paternal brother, paternal nephews and paternal uncles[1]<\/a> (i.e. those closer to her will be given preference to those further away).<\/span><\/p>\n

NB<\/strong>: Islam (being a Muslim) is a prerequisite for legal Islamic guardianship.<\/span><\/p>\n

NB<\/strong>: If a woman, who does not have a legal Islamic guardian marries in the absence of al-kaf\u0101’ah<\/em>, her marriage will be Valid<\/strong>.[2]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

NB<\/strong>: Permission must be sought prior to, or at the time of the marital contract. If consent was sought after the contract, the Nikah will be not be contracted.[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What is al-kafaa\u2019ah in marriage?<\/span><\/p>\n

The term al-kafaa\u2019ah literally means; equivalent, comparable or equal, in the institute of marriage it refers to a suitable match, compatibility, equality in social standing. Al-kafaa\u2019ah is of utmost importance for the vitality and stability of any marriage, whereas lack of compatibility causes a sort of aversion and leads to conflicts and separation. For this reason it is considered a prerequisite for the validity of a marriage undertaken without the consent of the girl\u2019s legal guardian.<\/span><\/p>\n

As mentioned above, the element of al-kafaa\u2019ah is a condition which only applies to the man (husband) i.e. it is necessary that the man be of an equal or higher social status than the woman.[4]<\/a> The concept of al-kafaa\u2019ah in marriage is supported by the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet \ufdfa [5]<\/a> The Fuqaha (Jurists) have stipulated various factors in which al-kafaa\u2019ah is considered.<\/span><\/p>\n

The primary reason behind the legislation of al-kafaa\u2019ah is to prevent shame, humiliation and disgrace from befalling the guardians of the woman (wife). Most of these factors are connected to the norms and customs of the people living in a society. Based on the culture and social lifestyle of the Muslims in Trinidad with regards to marriage, it can be concluded that, the element of al-kafaa\u2019ah (equality) would only be considered in three factors;[6]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1) Equality in Piety and Righteousness<\/strong>[7]<\/a>, if a chaste girl, from a religious, pious and decent family background marries someone who openly violates the laws of the Shariah and is immoral in his conduct (i.e. a drunkard, drug- addict, wicked, shameless, open transgressor), without the permission of her legal guardian, such a marriage will be null and void.[8]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

2) Equality in Occupation and Social Status<\/strong>: This would only be considered if there is a huge social difference, for example; a girl whose family is of a high financial and social position in society, marries someone whose profession is considered in society, as low and menial.[9]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

3)<\/strong> Equality in Wealth<\/strong>: This does not mean that it is conditional for the man to have the same financial position as the woman. Equality in wealth can be achieved even though the man possesses less wealth than the woman. What is considered is, the ability of the man to provide a Mahr (dowry) as well as maintenance for his wife. [10]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In conclusion, If a woman marries without prior consent of her legal Islamic guardian, in the absence of al-kaf\u0101’ah<\/em>, the marital contract will be considered null and void<\/strong> according to Islamic Law[11]<\/a> (even though offer and acceptance occurred in the presence of legitimate witnesses).<\/span><\/p>\n

Furthermore, the marriage being invalid implies that, the couple is regarded as total strangers to each other. Hence all types of intimacy, relations and correspondence will be strictly prohibited.[12]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

And Allah Ta\u2019\u0101la Knows Best<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Mufti Kaleem Muhammad<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Darul Iftaa, Jaamia Madinatul Uloom <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trinidad, West Indies.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

www.fatwa-tt.com<\/strong><\/a> \/<\/strong>www.jaamia.net<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 (2\/ 250)<\/span><\/p>\n

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[2]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631) (3\/ 57)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0641\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0635\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u062d\u064c \u0646\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0630\u064c \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u064e \u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u062d\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0648\u064e\u0627\u064a\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u062f\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0631\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0647\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0625\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0637\u0650 \u062d\u064e\u0642\u0651\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u062a\u0652\u062d\u064c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629 (1\/ 22)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631) (3\/ 57)<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 (\u0635: 186)<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 (1\/ 290)<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062e\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n

Wicked women (are) for wicked men, and wicked men (are) for wicked women; and good women (are) for good men, and good men (are) for good women.} [Quran 24:26]<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647: \u00ab\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0626\u0627\u064b\u00bb \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631) (3\/ 88)<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u064e\u062e\u0652) \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0631\u064f \u0643\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0641\u0650\u064a \u062d\u064e\u0642\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u0642\u064f \u0643\u064f\u0641\u064f\u0624\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0647\u0640 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0631\u0650: \u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062d\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0636\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0625\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0647\u0640 \u0648\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0638\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0631\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0627\u0639\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652\u062a \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0643\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0639\u0650<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629 (1\/ 22)<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0633\u0626\u0644) \u0641\u064a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0621 \u0641\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628) : \u0646\u0639\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 (3\/ 99)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644: (\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0649) \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 – \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 -: \u00ab\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u00bb – \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0641\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0634\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0641\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 (1\/ 337)<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627) \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0624\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631) (3\/ 89)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0633\u064f\u0641\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062f\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0643\u0650\u0631\u064f \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0650\u0631\u0651\u064f \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0631\u064f\u062c\u064f \u0633\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0643\u064f\u0641\u064f\u0624\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u0627\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0635\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u062a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0646\u064f \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0649. \u0627\u0647\u0640<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a (3\/ 143)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0647\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0628\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629 – \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 – \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u063a\u0627: \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0624\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0624\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u063a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0624\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0624\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0624\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u0627\u0647\u0640.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0624\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u0640.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631) (3\/ 67)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0632\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0630\u0650\u064a \u062d\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0629\u064d \u062f\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u0641\u064f\u0624\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0635\u0650\u062d\u0651\u064e<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631) (3\/ 90)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0637\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0649 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0638\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0648\u064e\u0627\u064a\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u062d\u064f \u0632\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631) (3\/ 90)<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0634\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0631\u064d) \u0635\u064e\u062d\u0651\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0633\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u062d\u0651\u064e\u062d\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0650\u0627\u0643\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0628\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0627\u062e\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0635\u0652\u062d\u0650\u064a\u062d\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631) (3\/ 56)<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0649) \u0641\u0650\u064a \u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0621\u0650 (\u0628\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0645\u0650 \u062c\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0632\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0644\u064b\u0627) \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0649 (\u0644\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629 (1\/ 22)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062e\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0636 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0637 \u0633\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 (5\/ 79)<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0621) \u0634: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 ” \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646 ” \u0648” \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 “: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0626\u062e\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637: \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637 \u0645: (\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639) \u0634: \u0623\u064a \u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0636 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0637 \u0633\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0621. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u0644\u0648 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0621 \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u062b\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a (3\/ 117)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0643\u0641\u0624\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0636 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062b\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0648 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0621 \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u062b\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0621<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a (2\/ 117)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0621\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a (2\/ 117)<\/span><\/p>\n

(\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u062e) \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 – \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 – \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0621 \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u0640<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0647) \u0623\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 (\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062d \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0636 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629 (1\/ 22)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0621 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Question: If a woman marries someone without the knowledge and consent of her parents, would that marriage be<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1601,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,13,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contemporary-law","category-marriage","category-women-related"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=865"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/865\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}