{"id":292,"date":"2014-11-02T18:59:52","date_gmt":"2014-11-02T18:59:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/?p=292"},"modified":"2017-11-09T03:24:36","modified_gmt":"2017-11-09T07:24:36","slug":"the-ruling-of-istighathah-is-istighathah-shirk-which-takes-a-person-out-of-islam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/the-ruling-of-istighathah-is-istighathah-shirk-which-takes-a-person-out-of-islam\/","title":{"rendered":"The ruling of Istighathah"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Question<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are people in our area who seek help from Auliya ullah who are dead (Istigasa). I understand that these people are committing\u00a0<em>Shirk<\/em>. Now the questions are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Are these persons among those Mushrikeen about whom Allah says that they remain in the Hell forever.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">And is it that type of Shirk about which Allah says that He will forgive any Sin which He wills but will not forgive Shirk or is it a lesser form of Shirk.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Will such an activity lead a person to kuffur if yes what type of kuffer and to what extent.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Is he the person about whom we have been asked not to pray for?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">At the outset, it is necessary to clarify some important aspects related to the \u2018aq\u012bdah of Tawh\u012bd and the reality of <em>shirk<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">True Agency and Ownership Belong to All\u0101h Alone<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">One of the most fundamental teachings that the Messenger of All\u0101h (<em>sallAll\u0101hu \u2018alayhi wasallam<\/em>) conveyed to the ummah is the absoluteness of All\u0101h\u2019s authority over His creation. Every inch, every atom, of creation is in the exclusive ownership of All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> Nothing is outside His dominion, power and control. He is All-Powerful, All-Knowing, All-Hearing and All-Seeing. No part of creation eludes His grasp, power, knowledge, hearing and seeing. Numerous verses of the Qur\u2019\u0101n and had\u012bths of the Prophet (<em>sallAll\u0101hu \u2018alayhi wasallam<\/em>) confirm these realities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hence, All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101 is not in need of assistance.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> He is able to bring about anything as and when He pleases at His discretion. The will of no other being can override the will of All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> No event can transpire in the whole creation without the will, power and agency of All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ras\u016blull\u0101h (<em>sallAll\u0101hu \u2018alayhi wasallam<\/em>) taught that verbal recognition of All\u0101h\u2019s total and pervading authority over His creation is the truest speech that is uttered by the slave of All\u0101h. He (<em>sallAll\u0101hu \u2018alayhi wasallam<\/em>) said:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0623\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cThe truest thing that a slave proclaims, and each of us is Your slave, is: O All\u0101h, there is none to withhold that which You give, and none to give that which You withhold, and the owner of fortune will not be availed [of You] by his fortune.\u201d (<em>Sah\u012bh Muslim<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101 says:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062d\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0631\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0633\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0633\u0650\u0643\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0633\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0632\u0650\u064a\u0632\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064f<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cWhatever blessing Allah opens for the people, there is none to hold it back, and whatever He holds back, there is none to release it thereafter. He is the Mighty, the Wise.\u201d (35:2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Asb\u0101b<\/em> as Correlation not Causation<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">While in this duny\u0101, we observe events taking place apparently in a cause-effect correlation, this connection is not one of independent causation. Rather, true agency rests only with All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101, while the apparent causes are merely correlations All\u0101h has placed in His creation for a wisdom and reason that is known to Him. All\u0101h alone \u2013 independently and without support \u2013 brings something into being from nonbeing, whether a physical entity like a rock, an attribute like colour or an action like movement.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">For example, when a doctor, or the medicine he prescribes, \u201ctreats\u201d or \u201cheals\u201d a patient, the true agent is not the doctor or medicine. The true agent is All\u0101h alone, while the doctor and medicine are only apparent causes or means (<em>asb\u0101b<\/em>). When the result or action is ascribed to the <em>sabab<\/em>, it is as a metaphor, as the true doer is All\u0101h alone, not the <em>sabab<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In the famous story of the boy and the king recorded in <em>Sah\u012bh Muslim<\/em>, when the king\u2019s courtier asks the boy to cure his blindness, the boy retorts:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0643<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cVerily, I cure no one. Only All\u0101h (Exalted is He) cures. If you believe in All\u0101h (Exalted is He), I will supplicate to All\u0101h and He will cure you.\u201d (<em>Sah\u012bh Muslim<\/em>)<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hence, while the du\u2018\u0101 or the boy was a means of curing the blindness, the real doer was All\u0101h alone. By making this known to the courtier, the boy instilled in him the reality of Tawh\u012bd. However, this does not mean the action (in this case, healing) cannot be ascribed to the means (in this case, the boy or his supplication).<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> It is correct to make this ascription, as long as the belief that the <em>sabab<\/em> is not the real cause is firmly understood.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Similarly, All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101 said to Ras\u016blull\u0101h (<em>sallAll\u0101hu \u2018alayhi wasallam<\/em>):<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0649<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cYou did not throw when you [apparently] threw, but All\u0101h threw.\u201d (8:17)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hence, the verse affirms that Ras\u016blull\u0101h (<em>sallAll\u0101hu \u2018alayhi wasallam<\/em>) threw, but at the same time negates that he threw. In other words, because he was a <em>sabab<\/em> for the action of throwing, it is correct to ascribe the act to him. However, true agency and causation, which is the act of bringing the throw into existence after nonexistence, is not ascribed to him, but to All\u0101h alone.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101 says:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cAll\u0101h has created you and all that you do.\u201d (37:96)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Everything Belongs to All\u0101h Alone<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Similarly, sole dominion of the entire creation belongs to All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101 alone. No being truly owns any part of creation. \u201cOwnership\u201d as is customarily used amongst human beings is merely a kind of temporary entitlement that is given consideration in Shar\u012b\u2018ah. However, it does not mean true and intrinsic dominion and sovereignty. This belongs only to All\u0101h.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a> All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101 says:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0640\u0647\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u062f\u064c \u0633\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f\u064c \u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cAll\u0101h is only one deity [worthy of worship]. To Him [alone] belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth. Pure is He from having a son.\u201d (4:171)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101 also says:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u062f\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0632\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645 \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646 \u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0630\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0634\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0643\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645 \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646 \u0638\u064e\u0647\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cSay [to the idolaters]: \u2018Call upon those whom you claim (to be gods) beside All\u0101h. They do not possess (anything), even to the measure of a particle, neither in the heavens nor in the earth. They have no share at all in either of the two, nor is any of them a helper for Him.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">While this verse speaks about the false deities which the idolaters worshipped, it applies to all creation. No creation truly owns any part of creation, and no creation has any share in it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In short, from the basic elements of Tawh\u012bd is the belief that true agency, causation and action is All\u0101h\u2019s alone, and similarly, true dominion, sovereignty and ownership is All\u0101h\u2019s alone. This extends to the whole of creation, no atom, and not the minutest event, being exempted from this rule.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Belief of the Mushrik\u016bn and the Reality of <em>Shirk<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The mushrik\u016bn that the Prophets (<em>\u2018alayhimussal\u0101m<\/em>), and in particular our Prophet (<em>sallAll\u0101hu \u2018alayhi wasallam<\/em>), were sent to call to the core doctrine of Tawh\u012bd did not believe in All\u0101h\u2019s total sovereignty and complete agency. Rather, they believed His sovereignty, power, knowledge, hearing, seeing and agency are limited.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a> Hence, they believed All\u0101h was in need of subordinate gods appointed by Him to share in the ownership, dominion and management of different aspects of creation.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a> In this way, the dominion and control of the created realm, according to them, is shared between the greatest god, All\u0101h, and lesser gods, known as <em>\u0101lihah<\/em> or <em>asn\u0101m<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Qur\u2019\u0101n, and the doctrine of Tawh\u012bd, on the other hand, espouse that all creatures are just as helpless and dependent on All\u0101h as each other. All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101 says:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0650\u0646 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0646 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0622\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0622\u062a\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cThere is none in the heavens and the earth, but bound to come to the All-Merciful as a slave. He has fully encompassed them and precisely calculated their numbers. And each one of them will come unto Him on the Day of Resurrection, alone.\u201d (19:93-5)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">No being is on par with All\u0101h such that it can override His will or pressure Him to act against His decision as the mushrik\u016bn believed. Hence, even while the Qur\u2019\u0101n and Sunnah acknowledge extraordinary acts or feats accomplished by certain created beings<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>, this is qualified by the doctrine of total dependence on All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101, and is not understood in the way the mushrik\u016bn believed.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Based on their corrupt beliefs, the mushrik\u016bn held that their co-gods possessed independent rights of intercession with All\u0101h<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>. That is, because they believed the co-gods are partners in All\u0101h\u2019s kingdom, they considered them to be on equal \u201cbargaining terms\u201d with All\u0101h. In other words, even if All\u0101h disapproved of a person, the mushrik\u016bn believed that if the person gained the favour of a co-god, it could convince or coerce All\u0101h to act against His decision.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a> The Qur\u2019\u0101n repudiates this belief and says intercession belongs only to All\u0101h (Qur\u2019\u0101n 39:44). No creature can intercede without His will and permission (Qur\u2019\u0101n, 2:255). All\u0101h can never be coerced by any means to act against His will.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Similarly, based on their beliefs in shared power and ownership, the mushrik\u016bn held that the subordinate gods possessed independent powers of bringing benefit or causing harm to their subjects.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a> These are some of the core beliefs that constituted the <em>shirk<\/em> of the mushrik\u016bn which the prophets (<em>\u2018alayhimussal\u0101m<\/em>) were sent to abolish.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In expressing the Isl\u0101mic belief of Tawh\u012bd and negating the beliefs of <em>shirk<\/em>, All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101 says:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cAll praise belongs to All\u0101h, Who has not taken unto Himself a son, and Who has no partner in sovereignty, nor has He any protecting friend through dependence. And magnify Him with all magnificence.\u201d (17:111)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Expressions and Acts of Shirk<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Based on their polytheistic beliefs, the mushrik\u016bn rendered acts of worship to their idols as an expression of their belief in their divinity and to draw their favour. Apart from obvious rituals like prostrating, bowing and praying before them, they would perform other acts in the service of their idols which were representative of their false beliefs; for example, taking oaths by them, vowing to them, slaughtering animals for them, and so on. Although some of these actions when done to other than All\u0101h do not in themselves entail the belief of the mushrik\u016bn, and may simply indicate reverence and respect, the Shar\u012b\u2018ah commands Muslims not to direct them towards any being besides All\u0101h, for three primary reasons:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Firstly, it creates a resemblance with idolaters, and resembling har\u0101m is also har\u0101m.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Secondly, there is a danger that these acts could escalate and lead the common people into actual <em>shirk<\/em>.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Third, they are against the etiquette of how to interact with All\u0101h and His creation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Istigh\u0101thah<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Istigh\u0101thah means to seek or ask for help. If istigh\u0101thah is directed at other than All\u0101h in apparent causes (<em>al-asb\u0101b al-z\u0101hirah<\/em>), meaning those means that have been confirmed to correlate to certain outcomes through repeated experience, like <em>istigh\u0101thah<\/em> from a medical doctor for treatment, or from methods prescribed in the Shar\u012b\u2018ah, like \u201cseeking help\u201d from prayer as mentioned in the Qur\u2019\u0101n<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a>, while holding them to be a means and the true cause being All\u0101h alone, then there is no question over its permissibility.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a> The fact that All\u0101h has made these matters a means in His creation is proven by repeated experience (<em>\u2018\u0101dah<\/em>) and\/or Shar\u012b\u2018ah.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">However, when istigh\u0101thah is done to beings besides All\u0101h in matters of the unseen (<em>al-um\u016br al-ghaybiyya<\/em>), like asking for good weather or prosperity, or asking help directly from the dead, it becomes an expression of <em>shirk<\/em>. The mushrik\u016bn would ask such kind of help from their idols, believing them to have independent agency in granting them provision, bringing them benefit, interceding to All\u0101h for them, improving their lives and so on.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sh\u0101h Wal\u012bull\u0101h (<em>rahimahull\u0101h<\/em>) said: \u201cWe intend to inform you of those things All\u0101h has considered the expected places of <em>shirk<\/em> in the Muhammadan Shar\u012b\u2018ah and thus He forbade them\u2026From amongst them is that they would ask help from other than All\u0101h in their needs like healing the sick and making the poor rich\u2026\u201d<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">To seek help in matters which have been established by repeated experience (<em>\u2018\u0101dah<\/em>) or Shar\u012b\u2018ah to correlate to the outcomes that one seeks does not create the impression of <em>shirk<\/em>, as it is apparent by their nature that they are from the design of All\u0101h in His creation. When seeking help in <em>asb\u0101b ghaybiyyah<\/em> from other than All\u0101h, however, an impression or doubt may arise that this being is an independent agent just like All\u0101h, as there is no immediate understanding of it being from All\u0101h\u2019s design in His creation.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a> Hence, istigh\u0101thah of this kind is prohibited because it creates a resemblance with the idolaters who believed the beings they called to for help in such immaterial matters of the unseen were independent agents of creation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Resemblance with idolaters, or doing acts that are suggestive of <em>shirk<\/em>, is forbidden. The Prophet (<em>sallAll\u0101hu \u2018alayhi wasallam<\/em>) said:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0643<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cThe one who takes an oath by other than All\u0101h, he has committed <em>shirk<\/em>.\u201d (<em>J\u0101mi\u2018 al-Tirmidh\u012b<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The meaning of this is that the idolaters would show reverence to the false gods by taking oath by their name, while holding the belief that if the oath was thereafter broken, they would suffer a terrible fate at the hands of that idol.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a> Muslims who adhere to the belief in Tawh\u012bd would, of course, not hold this belief were they to take an oath by other than All\u0101h. Nonetheless, since this was a distinctive feature of polytheism, Ras\u016blull\u0101h (<em>sallAll\u0101hu \u2018alayhi wasallam<\/em>) has forbidden taking an oath with other than All\u0101h.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a> However, this is not <em>shirk<\/em> that takes one out of Isl\u0101m. Here, <em>shirk<\/em> is in the meaning of an expression of <em>shirk<\/em> in resembling the actions of the idolaters.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a> Hence, the term \u201c<em>shirk<\/em>\u201d may at times be used in the meaning of a lesser form of <em>shirk <\/em>and not the greatest <em>shirk<\/em> which takes its perpetrator out of Isl\u0101m,<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">When a Sah\u0101b\u012b said in conversation with Ras\u016blull\u0101h (<em>sallAll\u0101hu \u2018alayhi wasallam<\/em>), \u201cWhat All\u0101h wills and you will\u201d, he replied:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0623\u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u061f!<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cDo you make me an equal with All\u0101h?!\u201d (<em>Sharh Mushkil al-Ath\u0101r<\/em>)<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In other words, even this vague resemblance with <em>shirk<\/em> is prohibited in Shar\u012b\u2018ah.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Istigh\u0101thah of the dead in matters of unseen creates a strong resemblance with <em>shirk<\/em>, as explained earlier. Furthermore, it is a means to <em>shirk<\/em><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a> as it may lead simpleminded common Muslims to believing that these beings have independent powers. It is suggestive of independence even if the perpetrator holds the belief that they are only a means.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\">[28]<\/a> The reason is that when calling for help from beings in matters that are not included in <em>asb\u0101b z\u0101hirah<\/em> (apparent causes based on repeated experience) or <em>asb\u0101b<\/em> assigned in the Shar\u012b\u2018ah, the idea can easily come to their mind that these beings are not dependent on All\u0101h\u2019s design, plan and will in His creation. Instead they are independently acting agents operating in the created realm just like All\u0101h. This belief is the highest form of <em>shirk<\/em>, as mentioned earlier.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Finally, it is against the correct etiquette to turn to other than All\u0101h for help, especially in such important matters. Asking for help shows dependence, and dependence, trust and reliance should only be expressed to All\u0101h.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ras\u016blull\u0101h (<em>sallAll\u0101hu \u2018alayhi wasallam<\/em>) said:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cWhen you ask, ask of All\u0101h and when you seek help, seek help of All\u0101h.\u201d (<em>J\u0101mi\u2018 al-Tirmidh\u012b<\/em>)<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\">[29]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">And it is reported that when Ab\u016b Bakr (<em>radiyAll\u0101hu \u2018anh<\/em>) wished to ask help from Ras\u016blull\u0101h (<em>sallAll\u0101hu \u2018alayhi wasallam<\/em>) against a hypocrite, he said:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0627\u062b \u0628\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cI am not asked for help. Only All\u0101h is asked for help.\u201d<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\">[30]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">From one group of Sah\u0101bah, Ras\u016blull\u0101h (<em>sallAll\u0101hu \u2018alayhi wasallam<\/em>) took the pledge, \u201cdo not ask anything of people.\u201d One member of this group was seen thereafter, his riding stick having fallen to the ground, and he would not ask anyone to collect it for him but would dismount and pick it up himself. (<em>Sah\u012bh Muslim<\/em>)<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\">[31]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This is an attitude that shows complete dependence and reliance on All\u0101h. On the other hand, by creating a culture of istigh\u0101thah in the manner that is common amongst the ignorant, dependence on All\u0101h is removed from the hearts of people and is placed on these created beings. This is a means to <em>shirk<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">On this basis, istigh\u0101thah is impermissible and an expression of <em>shirk<\/em>, as stated by the scholars.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn32\" name=\"_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">However, istigh\u0101thah will not take one out of Isl\u0101m unless such beliefs accompany the act that clearly entail beliefs of <em>kufr<\/em>. Two beliefs in particular:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">If while calling out and asking for help, the person believes that this being is an independent agent that will give me what I seek without the will and agency of All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101, even if it is believed that this power was granted by All\u0101h, he has committed clear <em>shirk<\/em> and disbelief.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn33\" name=\"_ftnref33\">[33]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The person believes that this being\u2019s soul is always present, knowing and hearing. The scholars have declared this belief to be <em>kufr<\/em><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn34\" name=\"_ftnref34\">[34]<\/a> because it is to make a claim about unseen realities without recourse to revelation or evidence, while only All\u0101h possesses independent knowledge of unseen.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hence, it is necessary to avoid istigh\u0101thah of the prophets and saints who have passed away in the way that is common amongst the ignorant. However, Muslims who engage in this practice, if they do not clearly express beliefs of <em>kufr<\/em> like those mentioned above, they will be considered sinful Muslims and not true mushrik\u016bn or disbelievers.<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn35\" name=\"_ftnref35\">[35]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Finally, it should be noted that istigh\u0101thah in the manner explained is not the same as the permissible form of \u201ctawassul,\u201d which is to ask from All\u0101h through the intermediary of a pious person. When performing tawassul, the request is not directed at creation but to All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101,<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftn36\" name=\"_ftnref36\">[36]<\/a> while creation is used merely as a means to draw the mercy of All\u0101h Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101 and to make the du\u2018\u0101 more readily accepted by Him. Since the intermediary is only taken as a means and is not the object of asking, no false impression will be created of it having independent agency. Nor is istigh\u0101thah as described above the same as \u201ctabarruk,\u201d which is to acquire blessings from the belongings or artefacts of a pious person. In tabarruk, the <em>barakah <\/em>is a result of the acceptance of the pious individual before All\u0101h. No incorrect beliefs are attached to, or implied by, this. The permissibility of tawassul and tabarruk is proven from clear evidences of Shar\u012b\u2018ah and they have been approved by the scholars of Ahl al-Sunnah, as distinguished from istigh\u0101thah of the dead.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>And Allah Ta\u2018\u0101l\u0101 Knows Best<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Zameelur Rahman<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Student Darul Iftaa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><br \/>\nUK<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646: \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645 \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646 \u0638\u064e\u0647\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647: \u0623\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0647 (\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0635\u0661\u0661\u0664\u0663)<\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0647&#8230;\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f&#8230;\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0623 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646&#8230;\u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u060c \u063a\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 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href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a>\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062a\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0632\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u0644\u0641\u0649&#8230;(\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0661\u0665\u0667\u0667)<\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" 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\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u0644\u0641\u0649&#8230;(\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0661\u0665\u0667\u0667)<\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0638\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0661 \u0635\u0661\u0661\u0669 \u2013 \u0661\u0663\u0662)<\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0662 \u0635\u0669\u0663)<\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629: \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 (\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0666 \u0635\u0661\u0664\u0663)<\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629<\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u064a\u06a9 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a 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\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0662 \u0635\u0662\u0668\u0665)<\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0638\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627&#8230;\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 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I<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1601,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3],"tags":[108,211],"class_list":["post-292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aqidah","category-articles","tag-istighathah","tag-tawassul"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=292"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}