{"id":2445,"date":"2018-04-16T21:30:06","date_gmt":"2018-04-17T01:30:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/?p=2445"},"modified":"2018-04-16T21:30:22","modified_gmt":"2018-04-17T01:30:22","slug":"fiqh-class-marriage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/fiqh-class-marriage\/","title":{"rendered":"Fiqh class- Marriage"},"content":{"rendered":"

As-sal\u0101mu \u2018alaykum wa-rahmatull\u0101hi wa-barak\u0101tuh.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Weekly Fiqh classes on various important subjects are conducted by Mufti Kaleem. These are beneficial and practical summaries of the classes.<\/em><\/p>\n

Marriage<\/strong><\/p>\n

Legal Status of Marriage in Islam<\/strong><\/p>\n

The ruling varies from person to person based on his condition and situation.<\/p>\n

Wajib (necessary): <\/strong>A person who has strong sexual desires and fears that he may commit fornication or other sinful acts, then it is Wajib upon that person to get married if he has the means to support and maintain a wife. This is because it is obligatory for him to protect himself from committing haram acts and to keep himself chaste.If however, he does not have the means to support, then he should try his best and refrain from sins and curb his desires.\u00a0 Allah \ufdfb mentions in the Quran:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u062c\u0650\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0646\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u063a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0641\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650<\/p>\n

And let those who find not the financial means for marriage keep themselves chaste, until Allah enriches them of His Bounty.<\/p>\n

The Prophet \ufdfa mentions:<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u062c\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0636\u0651\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0646\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062c\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0637\u0650\u0639\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064c<\/p>\n

O young men, whoever among you can afford it, let him get married, for it is more effective in lowering the gaze and guarding one’s chastity. Whoever cannot afford it, let him fast, for it will diminish his desire.<\/p>\n

Sunnah<\/strong>: If a man has the financial means, however, he does not have sexual desires it is commendable and rewarding to get married.<\/p>\n

Reprehensible<\/strong>: If it is feared that person would be oppressive and violent to his spouse then it is not permissible for him to get married.<\/p>\n

NB<\/strong>: If a situation arises that a person fears committing fornication if he does not marry and at the same time he is violent, abusive and oppressive then it is not necessary (Wajib) for him to get married, rather it is reprehensible for such a person to get married.<\/p>\n

Components of a Valid Marriage (Nikah)<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Offer & Acceptance\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (2) Witnesses\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (3) Consent\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (4) Dowry \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (5) Guardian\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (6) Spouse<\/p>\n

(1) Offer & Acceptance<\/strong><\/p>\n

The wording used must be either in the past or present tense and not<\/strong> the future. The offer and acceptance must be clear without any ambiguity. E.g.<\/p>\n

Offer: I married you\/ I marry you\/I have married you<\/p>\n

Acceptance: I accepted\/ I accept\/I have accepted<\/p>\n

NB:<\/strong> The offer can also be in the imperative tense (command) e.g. Marry me your Daughter<\/p>\n

Offer and Acceptance Via Agency (Wakalah)<\/p>\n

It is permissible for any of the spouses to authorise an agent\/representative on his or her behalf to conduct and contract their Nikah (Marriage) e.g.<\/p>\n

(a) Offer<\/u>: I marry you to Zaid son of Zubair or Maryam daughter of Umar<\/p>\n

Acceptance<\/u>: Yes I have accepted<\/p>\n

(b) Offer<\/u>: I propose to marry Zainab, daughter of Zaid, do you accept?<\/p>\n

Acceptance<\/u>: I accepted\/have accepted.<\/p>\n

Ruling on wordings used in <\/strong>Traditional Offer & Acceptance<\/strong><\/p>\n

Offer:<\/strong> “Do you, Zaid take Zainab to be your lawfully wedded wife, to love, to honour and to cherish\u2026\u2026..<\/em><\/p>\n

Acceptance<\/strong>: I do<\/em><\/p>\n

If a marriage was done like this in the past it will be valid as the above gives the following meaning;<\/p>\n

Offer: I offer to you Zaid, Zainab in marriage, do you accept?<\/p>\n

Acceptance: I do accept<\/p>\n

Ruling on Offer and Acceptance given in Future Tense <\/strong><\/p>\n

If however, the future tense was used then the marriage will not<\/strong> be contracted[1]<\/a> example;<\/p>\n

(a) I will marry you to my daughter Zainab.<\/p>\n

(b) Would you marry Zainab, the daughter of Zaid<\/p>\n

(c) I want to marry you to my daughter Zainab<\/p>\n

The offer and acceptance must be in the one physical location<\/p>\n

NB<\/strong>: An Imaam and the Khutbah are not conditions for Nikah.<\/p>\n

(2) Witnesses<\/strong><\/p>\n

Witnesses are a condition for the validity of the Nikah contract. The minimum amount of witnesses required is:<\/p>\n

(a)<\/strong> Two mature, sane Muslim men or<\/p>\n

(b)<\/strong> One mature, sane Muslim man and two mature Muslim women.<\/p>\n

Witnesses must be present for both the offer and acceptance.<\/p>\n

Ruling of Marriage via phone or internet<\/p>\n

The marriage will not be valid as it is a condition that the offer, acceptance and witnessing occur is the same physical location. These conditions cannot be met if conducted via the phone.<\/p>\n

(3) Consent<\/strong><\/p>\n

Consent must be expressed verbally. If a parent\/guardian\/agent marries off someone without his\/her consent then the marriage will not be contracted.<\/p>\n

Nikah Fudhuli<\/strong><\/p>\n

This occurs where a person, without the permission of a man or woman conducts their Nikah with someone (with all its conditions). Thereafter the information reaches that man of woman and he\/she permits the Nikah (i.e. give consent), then the Nikah will be considered valid.<\/p>\n

(4) Dowry<\/strong><\/p>\n

A dowry should be specified. It is however, not a condition that the amount be disclosed at the time of marriage. If for some reason a dowry was not specified or mentioned prior to, or at the time of marriage contract, this will not affect the validity of the marriage. However, it will still be obligatory upon the husband to give to his wife a dowry (mahr mithl).<\/p>\n

Types of Dowry<\/p>\n

The minimum<\/u> dowry is ten Dirhams approximately $115.00<\/p>\n

Dowry given to the wives of the Prophet \ufdfa was 500 dirhams approximately $5,725<\/p>\n

Dowry given to Fatimah daughter of the Prophet \ufdfa 480dirhams approximately $5496<\/p>\n

(5) Guardian (Wali)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A woman should seek consent from her father\/guardian when choosing a spouse for marriage. If however, consent was not<\/strong> sought then two scenarios can exist and their rulings are as follows: (a) If the girl marries someone who is not<\/strong> suitable\/compatible (a non-equal in Shariah\/Islam) then the marriage will not<\/strong> be contracted i.e. the marriage will not be valid.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

(b) If she marries an equal in Shariah\/Islam the marriage will be valid.<\/p>\n

NB<\/strong>: In the first scenario, the marriage will only be invalid if she has a wali (parent\/guardian), in the absence of a Wali the Nikah\/marriage will be contracted.<\/p>\n

(6) Spouse<\/strong><\/p>\n

The spouse must legit, in that it must be a person whom the Shariah permits.<\/p>\n

Rules regarding the Wife<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) She must be a Muslim or from the People of the Book<\/u>.<\/p>\n

(2) She must not be from among the Mahram (both temporary and permanent),<\/p>\n

(3) She must not be married nor in her waiting period (iddah)<\/p>\n

Marrying People of the Book<\/p>\n

People of the Book refers to Jews and Christians. It is permissible for a man to marry a Jewish or Christian woman provided that they are real Christians or Jews and not by mere name. However, in our times because of the destructive implications which would arise therefrom it is highly discouraged.<\/p>\n

Mahram<\/p>\n

A Mahram are those individuals whom Marriage is prohibited due to certain relations.<\/p>\n

Types of Mahram<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Relation through blood<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. a) Mother, grandmother, however high in the hierarchy;<\/li>\n
  2. b) Daughters, granddaughters, however low in the hierarchy;<\/li>\n
  3. c) All type of sisters (whether full or half),<\/li>\n
  4. e) Maternal and paternal aunts,<\/li>\n
  5. f) Nieces (brother\u2019s or sister\u2019s daughters),<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    (2) Relations through fosterage (suckling)<\/p>\n

    Whosoever is a Mahram through the relationship of blood, will also be considered a Mahram by fosterage.<\/p>\n

    NB<\/strong>: The rules of fosterage will only apply within the first two and a half years of the child\u2019s age. [3]<\/a><\/p>\n

    (3) Relationship through marriage (Musahara)<\/p>\n

    (a) One\u2019s wife\u2019s mother (mother in-law), grandmother and on up: Marriage with her becomes unlawful by merely contracting marriage with the daughter, regardless of whether the marriage was consummated or otherwise.<\/p>\n

    (b) One\u2019s wife\u2019s daughter (from a previous marriage), grand-daughter and on down: Marriage with her becomes unlawful (permanently) if the marriage with her mother was consummated.<\/p>\n

    (c) The wife of one\u2019s son, grandson, and on down: This is regardless whether the son consummated the marriage or otherwise.<\/p>\n

    (d) <\/strong>One\u2019s stepmother, step grandmother and on up: Meaning those women who have been in the marriage of one\u2019s father or paternal or maternal grandfather.<\/p>\n

    Temporary Mahram: Aunt, niece and sister of one\u2019s wife<\/p>\n

    Rules regarding the Husband<\/strong><\/p>\n

    He must be a Muslim<\/p>\n

    Formare rulings on marriage see : https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/category\/marriage\/<\/a><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> \u062f\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u063a\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 (1\/ 327)<\/p>\n

    \u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0627) \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 (\u0644\u0647) \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n

    (\u0648) \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 (\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644) \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 (\u0643\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a)<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631) (3\/ 10)<\/p>\n

    (\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644) \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631<\/p>\n

    \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a: (\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644) \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 (8\/ 5)<\/p>\n

    (\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a) \u0634: \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0643…..<\/p>\n

    (\u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d) \u0634: \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631: \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0631 (1\/ 317)<\/p>\n

    (\u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627) \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a (\u0643\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a) \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631) (3\/ 56)<\/p>\n

    (\u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0649) \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0621 (\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646)<\/p>\n

    \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n

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    \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631) (3\/ 57)<\/p>\n

    \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n

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    [3]<\/a> \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 (4\/ 7)<\/p>\n

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    As-sal\u0101mu \u2018alaykum wa-rahmatull\u0101hi wa-barak\u0101tuh. Weekly Fiqh classes on various important subjects are conducted by Mufti Kaleem. These are<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1587,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-classes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2445"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2445\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}