Question:<\/p>\n
Is it permissible to consume Shrimp according to the Hanafi Madhab?<\/p>\n
Answer<\/p>\n
\u0628\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n
According to the Hanafi school of Islamic Law, all<\/strong> sea creatures are prohibited except<\/strong> the Samak (fish) i.e. the only sea creature that is lawful for consumption in the fish without any exception. The prohibition of all sea creatures besides the fish is deduced from the Quran and various Ahaadith of the Prophet \ufdfa.<\/p>\n Allah mentions in the Quran; and made permissible for you is the \u201cprey of the sea\u201d. The Hanafi Jurists restricts the generality of \u201cprey of the sea\u201d to specifically meaning the fish. The Prophet \ufdfa also said \ufdfa that the water is pure and its carrion is lawful. Thereafter, the Prophet explains what is meant by the \u201cprey of the sea\u201d and \u201cthe carrion of the sea\u201d in the hadith which states that two dead (carrions) are made permissible viz Samak (fish) and Jaraad (locust).<\/p>\n Furthermore, based on the aforementioned, the Jurists of Islam are unanimous that fishes of all, types, species and varieties are lawful and Halal for consumption.<\/p>\n Imam al-Kasaani (ra)<\/strong> mentions that there is a consensus (Ijma\u2019h) upon the permissibility of all types of fish without differentiating between the many different varieties and species.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n Imam al- Sarakhsi (ra) <\/strong>mentions that all species of fish are Halaal[2]<\/a><\/p>\n Imam al-Ayni (ra)<\/strong> mentions that all species of fish are Halaal because of the general wording of the Hadith: It is made permissible for you two carrions viz; Fish and Locust[3]<\/a><\/p>\n Imaan Ibn Abideen (ra)<\/strong> mentions that sea creatures, with the exception of all the varieties of fish are prohibited.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n Imam al-Zaylai (ra)<\/strong> mentions that the eel is Halaal as it is a type of fish.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n In summary, the Jurists have explicitly stated that all fishes are Halal regardless of its type and variety as there are no evidences to indicating the prohibition any type or variety.<\/p>\n Ruling on Samak Tafi (floating fish)<\/strong><\/p>\n A fish that died naturally in the sea\/water is referred to as \u201csamak tafi\u201d (floating fish). The Hanafi Jurists have stated clearly that such a fish is not<\/strong> permissible for consumption based on the following Hadith of the Prophet \ufdfa:<\/p>\n \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0647<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0(\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b, \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f, \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0642\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0637\u0646\u064a) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n Meaning of the Hadith:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n That fish which dies as a result of the sea throwing it onto the shore or, due to the recession of the water, can be eaten. However, that fish which dies naturally, thereafter floats cannot be eaten.<\/em><\/p>\n However, the impermissibility of the \u201csamak tafi\u201d is irrespective to whether or not its floats on the surface of the water or not, it flips upside down or on its side or not. The reason being is that, fish don\u2019t necessarily always float when they die. For example, if a fish dies with little to no air in its swim bladder, the act of dying doesn\u2019t make this bladder expand to increase buoyancy. In these cases, the fish will often sink, at which point decomposition will begin. \u00a0In these cases, the fish will often sink, at which point decomposition will begin. That said, the decomposition process can sometimes result in enough gas being produced and trapped inside the fish to cause it to float to the surface.[6]<\/a> \u00a0Furthermore, the ones that do float after they die do so after a while and not immediately after death.<\/em><\/p>\n Imaam al-Kaasani states that the \u201csamak tafi\u201d which is unlawful according to us (Hanafi) is the term given to a fish that died in the water naturally without any cause, regardless of whether it floats on the surface of the water or not i.e after dying of a natural cause. Imam al-Kaasani then mentions the view of other Hanafi scholars which states that; a \u201csamak tafi\u201d is that fish floats on the surface after dying, if it does not float then it is permissible. Thereafter, Imaam al-Kaasani confirms that the first view is correct and as for the name \u201csamak tafi\u201d (floating fish), a fish after dying normally floats to the surface of the water.[7]<\/a>\u00a0 Therefore, it will not be permissible to eat any dead fish found in the water\/sea unless<\/u> one is certain that it had not died from a natural death.<\/em><\/p>\n Ruling on Shrimp<\/strong><\/p>\n As mentioned earlier, the only sea creature lawful for consumption (without exception) is the fish. Therefore, with regards to shrimp\/prawns, if it is a fish or classified as a specie thereof, it will be lawful and Halaal for consumption according to the Jurists.<\/p>\n The Shrimp\/prawn is known by the following names in Arabic;<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/strong> (Irbiyaan), \u0631\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0646 (Rubiyaan), \u0642\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u062f\u0650\u0633 (Quraidis), <\/strong>\u062c\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a<\/strong> (Jambari)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n The Definition and Classification of the Shrimp\/Prawn according to the Experts in Arabic Linguistics:<\/strong><\/p>\n (1) <\/strong>Jamhara al-Lugah by Ibn Duraid al-Azdi (223 –321 <\/strong>\u0647\u0640)[8]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646: \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064a\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0633\u0628\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n Shrimp is a type of fish<\/em><\/p>\n (2)<\/strong> al-Muheet fil Lugah, authored by Ibn Ubaad, (385<\/strong>\u0647\u0640\u0640)<\/p>\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f: \u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0629\u064c \u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0646\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0648\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0629\u0650[9]<\/a><\/p>\n Shrimp is a reddish fish resembling a hooked (curved) finger<\/em><\/p>\n (3)<\/strong> al-Sihaah authored by al-Jawhari, (393 \u0647\u0640\u0640)<\/p>\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629: \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629[10]<\/a><\/p>\n Shrimp is a whitish fish resembling a worm, found in Basrah<\/em><\/p>\n (4)<\/strong> al-Talkhees fi Marifah Asmaa al-Ashyaa authored by Abu Hilaal al-Askari, (395 \u0647\u0640)<\/p>\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0636\u0631\u0628\u064c \u0645\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0643\u0650 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064c\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064c[11]<\/a><\/p>\n Shrimp is a type of fish, small in size, known to the Arabs<\/em><\/p>\n (5) <\/strong>al-Muhkam wa al-Muheet al-A\u2019dham authored by Ibn Syed al-Mursi (458 \u0647\u0640)<\/p>\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0636\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u0650[12]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0Shrimp is a type of fish<\/em><\/p>\n (6) Lisaan al-Arab by Ibn Mandhoor (711 \u0647\u0640)<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u060c \u0628\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0636\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064e: \u0636\u064e\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0650 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u064c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u062f \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u0650[13]<\/a><\/p>\n The shrimp is a type of fish, it is said to be whitish in colour resembling a worm, found in Basrah<\/em><\/p>\n (7) Hayaat al-Hayawaan al- Kubra authored by al-Demiri (808 \u0647\u0640)<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646:\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631[14]<\/a><\/p>\n Shrimps are very small red fishes<\/em><\/p>\n (8)<\/strong> al-Qamoos al-Muheet authored by Abu Tahir al- Fairuzabadi al-Hanafi (817 \u0647\u0640)<\/p>\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631: \u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064c[15]<\/a><\/p>\n The shrimp is a fish<\/em><\/p>\n (9)<\/strong> Taj al- Aroos min Jawahir al-Qamoos by Murtadha al-Zubaidi al-Hanafi (1205 \u0647\u0640)<\/p>\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u062f\u0650[16]<\/a><\/p>\n The shrimp is a fish resembling a worm.<\/em><\/p>\n (10)<\/strong> Mu\u2019jam matan al-Lugah (present day Encyclopedia in Arabic Definitions and Terminologies)<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646: \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0649[17]<\/a><\/p>\n The shrimp is a whitish fish called Quraidis in Syria and in Egypt is called Barguth al-Bahr.<\/em><\/p>\n (11)<\/strong> al-Ta\u2019reef al-Fiqhiya (Judicial terminologies and definitions)<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0627\u0646: \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064c \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f[18]<\/a><\/p>\n The shrimp is a fish<\/em><\/p>\n (12)<\/strong> Takmila al-Ma\u2019aajim al- Arabiyah<\/p>\n \u0642\u0631\u062f\u0633: \u0642\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0633: \u0633\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647\u0647\u0627[19]<\/a><\/p>\n The shrimp is a small fish, the size of a locust or larger, also resembling it (i.e. locust)<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n The aforementioned clearly shows that the shrimp throughout the ages of time, was defined and known by the experts as well as the general mass to be a fish or type of fish. If such is the case, its permissibility is an issue of consensus (Ijmah), as the Jurists have unanimously declared that all types of fish are Halaal.<\/p>\n The author of I\u2019laa al-Sunan states;<\/p>\n \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646[20]<\/a><\/p>\n Every species of what is regarded as fish, linguistically,<\/em> unreservedly or conventionally is permissible <\/em>is Halaal without a difference of opinion e g. eel and shrimps<\/u>. <\/em><\/p>\n Moreover, it is not<\/u> mentioned in the Hanafi books of Fiqh (Jurisprudence) the impermissibility regarding the shrimp. Also, there are no<\/u> differences of opinion cited regarding the matter, despite the fact that the shrimp was sea-creature known throughout the ages (and not a something that was discovered in recent times). Thus this would ssubsequently mean that there is Ijmaa (consensus) regarding this matter (i.e. its permissibility).<\/p>\n Modern-day scientists however, do not classify the shrimp as a fish. Nevertheless, their classifications and groupings have no bearing whatsoever regarding the shar\u2019i ruling of the shrimp. The shrimp was known to the scholars of Islam centuries ago. They classified it as a fish or type of fish based on certain factors and characteristics. Thus there is absolutely no grounds for its prohibition<\/p>\n In conclusion, due to the fact that the Shrimp is a type of fish, it will be totally permissible and Halaal for consumption as the Hanafi Jurists have stated that all types of fish are Halaal.<\/p>\n The ruling on Crab<\/strong><\/p>\n The crab (sea, land, river, blue, mangrove, etc.) are not<\/strong> permissible as they are not fishes. According to the Hanafi School of law, the only sea or water creature lawful for consumption is the fish (without any exception). It is incorrect to regard the above as permissible by analogy upon the shrimp. This is because the shrimp is a type of fish whereas the crab is not.<\/p>\n And Allah Ta\u2019\u0101la Knows Best<\/strong><\/p>\n Mufti Kaleem Muhammad<\/strong><\/p>\n Darul Iftaa, Jaamia Madinatul Uloom (Trinidad)<\/strong><\/p>\n www.fatwa-tt.com<\/strong><\/a> \/www.jaamia.net<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 (5\/ 36)<\/p>\n \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a \u0641\u0650\u064a \u062d\u0650\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u0650\u0631\u0651\u0650\u064a\u062b\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0644\u0650 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0625\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0635\u0650\u0644\u064f \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064d \u0625\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062e\u064f\u0635\u0651\u064e \u0628\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064d\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0631\u064f\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650\u062f\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064d – \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 – \u0625\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u0650\u0631\u0651\u0650\u064a\u062b\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062e\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064f \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0641\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0625\u062c\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n [2]<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637 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-: \u00ab\u0623\u062d\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u00bb . \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/p>\n [4]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631) (6\/ 307)<\/p>\n \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062e\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u062b \u0641\u0628\u0642\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n [5]<\/a> \u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 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