{"id":107,"date":"2014-10-03T20:12:36","date_gmt":"2014-10-03T20:12:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/?p=107"},"modified":"2017-11-08T15:56:43","modified_gmt":"2017-11-08T19:56:43","slug":"where-does-it-say-in-the-quran-that-women-must-do-hijab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/where-does-it-say-in-the-quran-that-women-must-do-hijab\/","title":{"rendered":"Where does it say in the Quran that women must do Hijab?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Question:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aslamualikum…My Question is related to Hijab..I want to know the proper Defination of Hijab Because in different areas of the world Hijab is Defined in different way.some of women cover full body except their eyes and some cover their whole busy except their face. So i just need to know what is proper defination of Hijab in Qur’an.<\/span><\/p>\n

If it is to cover all the body except eyes then why scholar like Zakir Naik who is firm believer of Qur’an is going on the Different track.(Cover the whole body except face).<\/span><\/p>\n

Answer:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

As-sal\u0101mu \u2018alaykum wa-rahmatull\u0101hi wa-barak\u0101tuh.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Sister in Islam,<\/span><\/p>\n

It is encouraging to note your zeal in seeking clarity regarding such an issue. Since the rulings of Hij\u0101b <\/em>are a very delicate matter, we feel that it is important to first provide some introductory points before answering your specific query.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Purpose of Hij\u0101b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

First and foremost, it is of absolute importance that one understands the social structure Islam attempts to establish within a Muslim society in regards to the intermingling of men and women. Throughout the Quran we find many verses that point to this very fact. Allah Ta’\u0101l\u0101 says in the Holy Quran:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u0634\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

And do not even go near fornication. It is indeed a shame and an evil way to follow.[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

He the Almighty says in another verse:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0636\u064f\u0636\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u062c\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

And say to the believing women that they must lower their gazes and guard their private parts, and must not expose their adornment.[2]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Expounding on this message, the Holy Prophet (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) said:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0628\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0622\u062f\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0646\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u060c \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0643\u064c \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064e\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0632\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064f\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064f\u0630\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0632\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0650\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064f\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0632\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064f\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u062f\u064f \u0632\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0634\u064f\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u062c\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0632\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0637\u064e\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f \u064a\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0635\u064e\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0642\u064f \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062c\u064f \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0643\u064e\u0630\u0651\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0647\u064f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Allah has written for the children of Adam their share of zina which he commits inevitably. The zina of the eyes is the sight (to gaze at a forbidden thing), the zina of the ears is to hear, the zina of the tongue is the talk, the zina of the hands is to touch (that which is forbidden), the zina of the feet is to take steps (towards that which is forbidden) and the heart wishes and desires and the private parts testify all this or deny it.[3]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

It is clear from the above that the overall purpose behind establishing laws pertaining to separation between men and women is simply to protect their chastity and to establish a society wherein all doors leading to immorality and indecency are closed off right from its roots. Similarly, the hij\u0101b<\/em> is also a mechanism used to further these ideals by becoming an instrument that hinders zin\u0101<\/em> and all of its malevolent forms.<\/span><\/p>\n

Women and Today’s Society<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

In a society dictated by slogans of liberty and justice, a new generation has been born that thrives off of freedom of expression. This leads some to believe that the hij\u0101b<\/em> is anti-progressive, but such a notion is far from reality. Allah Ta’\u0101l\u0101 has created women in this world with an alluring beauty that seizes the hearts of men and brings forth emotions of pure love and infatuation. It is for this reason that women continue to be exploited today through private and commercial means.<\/span><\/p>\n

It is also no secret that societies today are brimming with news concerning cases of rape and sexual assault. In a society where social acceptance through superficial means of one’s outer beauty has become mainstream, it is of no surprise that such would be the end result. As a premonition to such an outcome, the Holy Prophet (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) warned us in the following words:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627\u060c \u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064c \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0633\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0637\u064c \u0643\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0631\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064e\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064c \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0639\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0645\u064f\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064c…<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Two are the types of the denizens of Hell whom I did not see: people having flogs like the tails of the ox with them and they would be beating people, and the women who would be dressed but appear to be naked, who would <\/em>incline others (towards evil) and themselves would be inclined (towards it)…[4]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Through the tenets of Islam we form a stabilized society that protects women from all avenues that may lead to their mistreatment and exploitation. Only through practice can one see the respect a woman holds who is garbed from head to toe in clothes that protect her beauty and chastity. It is a sign of honor, dignity, and iman<\/em> that brings to light the revered status of women in the eyes of Allah the Almighty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Difference between Satr<\/em> and Hij\u0101b<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

When one hears the word hij\u0101b<\/em>, it is often assumed that the laws pertaining to it are the same as the laws of satr<\/em> (the concealing of which is obligatory for everyone – legally, naturally and rationally). As a matter of fact, the laws of satr<\/em> have remained an obligation from the very beginning, in all religious codes of the noble prophets and not only from the advent of Islam.[5]<\/a> It is an injunction stemming from the natural disposition of ins\u0101n<\/em> that shows the intrinsic qualities of hay\u0101 <\/em>(shame and modesty) that existed from the very inception of humankind. One can see the example of such qualities in the story \u0100dam and Haw\u0101 (alaihimas salam) as they hastened to cover themselves upon seeing their bare selves revealed[6]<\/a>. Similarly, we find such an attribute in the story of Mus\u0101 (‘alaihis salam) and the two girls who were fetching water from a well. Whilst one was walking towards Mus\u0101 (alaihi salam), she treaded in a manner showing complete shame and modesty. Allah Ta’\u0101l\u0101 revealed this quality in the following words:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0650\u062d\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0634\u0650\u064a \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0650\u062d\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Then one of the two women came to him, walking <\/em>in a manner showing hay\u0101<\/em>.[7]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

On the other hand, the laws of hij\u0101b<\/em> came about much after during the latter half of the prophethood of Nabi (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam).[8]<\/a> As such, laws regarding covering oneself in private and public are different from the laws of hij\u0101b<\/em> that pertain more to rulings that require women to conceal themselves in the presence of non-mahram<\/em> men[9]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consider an example from the following had\u012bth:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0646\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u060c \u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064e\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062b\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064e\u060c \u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062b\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652: \u0641\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0645\u064d \u0641\u064e\u062f\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e: \u0627\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064f: \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u064e \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u0635\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0641\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u061f \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e: \u0623\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u0635\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u0647\u0650.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

It is narrated by Nabh\u0101n the freed slave of Umm Salamah(radiyallahu ‘anha) that Umm Salamah (radiyallahu ‘anha) narrated to him, that she and Maymunah (radiyallahu ‘anha) were with the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam), she said: “So when we were with him, Ibn Umm Maktum (radiyallahu ‘anhu) came, and he entered upon him, and that was after veiling had been ordered for us. So the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) said: ‘Veil yourselves from him.’ So I said: ‘O Messenger of Allah! Is he not blind such that he cannot see us or recognize us?’ So the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) said: ‘Are you two blind such that you cannot see him?'”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

One point of consideration is the fact that the addressees of this command of the Holy Prophet (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) were none other than two of the Umm al-Mu’min\u012bn (mother of the believers), Sayyidatuna Umm Salamah and Sayyidatuna Maym\u016bnah (radiyallahu ‘anhuma). If the blessed wives of the Holy Prophet (salllahu ‘alaihi wa sallam), who were at the pinnacle of piety and modesty were commanded to conceal themselves from men, then what can we say about the women of today who live in an era where people vie for social standing by sacrificing their modesty for the sake of public acceptance?<\/span><\/p>\n

Now that we have understood that the laws of satr<\/em> are not only different, but existed before the laws of hij\u0101b<\/em>, we will commence with the discussion of Quranic texts relating to the injunctions of hij\u0101b<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Degrees of Hij\u0101b<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

When taking a look at the various verses dealing with the injunction of hij\u0101b<\/em>, one can divide these verses into three levels, or “degrees”, of hij\u0101b<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

-The First Degree-<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Allah Ta’\u0101l\u0101 says in Surah al-Ahz\u0101b, verse 53:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0633\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u062d\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064d \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0642\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0628\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

And when you ask anything from them (the blessed wives of the Prophet), ask them from behind a curtain. That is better for the purity of your hearts and their hearts.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

This verse deals with the first degree of hij\u0101b<\/em> which discusses concealment of women in their own homes. This can further be substantiated by the following verse:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0628\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u062a\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0646\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064f\u062c\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0649<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

And remain in your homes, and do not display (your) beauty as it used to be displayed in the days of earlier ignorance.[10]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

This degree of hij\u0101b<\/em> encourages women to stay in their homes and conceal themselves and their beauty from the fitnah<\/em> the lurks outside the four walls of her home. This means that they should not allow anyone outside of their homes to see any portion of their body, whether it be the face or any other part of the body.[11]<\/a> Furthermore, this points to the fact that women should try their best to remain in their homes unless there is a need to go out as there is a danger to their chastity and is a means of fitnah <\/em>for her.[12]<\/a> The following had\u012bth points out to this fact:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u060c \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064c\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u062e\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

It is narrated that the Holy Prophet (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) said: \u201cThe woman is one who should be concealed, so when she goes out, the Shaitan seeks to tempt her.\u201d[13]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Although the addressees of these verses are the blessed wives of the Holy Prophet (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam), the injunctions related to them are common to all Muslim women as pointed out by many great muffassir\u016bn<\/em> (exegetes) such as Imam al-Qurtubi in his famous tafs\u012br<\/em>, Al-J\u0101mi’ li Ahk\u0101m al-Qur\u0101n<\/em>.[14]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

-The Second Degree-<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Allah Ta’\u0101l\u0101 says in Surah al-Ahz\u0101b, verse 53:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

O prophet, tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers that they should draw down their jilb\u0101b (shawls) over them.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Herein mentioned is the second degree of hij\u0101b<\/em>. This level of hij\u0101b<\/em> deals with how women should conceal themselves when they have a need to leave their house. The jilb\u0101b<\/em> here actually refers to a piece of clothing large enough that it covers the entire body from head to toe.[15]<\/a> The method of dawning the jilb\u0101b<\/em> is a point of contention amongst the ‘\u016blam\u0101; Imam Qurtubi mentions in his tafs\u012br:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062e\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0635\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0647\u0650\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064f: \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0629\u064f \u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064c \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u0635\u0650\u0631\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627. \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064d \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064f: \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0634\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u060c \u062b\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0637\u0650\u0641\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0638\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u0650. \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064f: \u062a\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0637\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0646\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0641\u064e \u0648\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

People have differed in regards to the method of dawning it (the jilb\u0101b). Ibn ‘Abb\u0101s (radiyallahu ‘anhuma) and ‘Ab\u012bdah as-Salm\u0101n\u012b (rahimahullah) state: It means to wrap it up in such a way that everything is concealed except that (the area of) one eye is left open for her to see with. Ibn ‘Abb\u0101s (radiyallahu ‘anhuma) (in another narration) and Qat\u0101dah (rahimahullah) say: It means to wrap it up above the forehead and to fasten it, then to fold it till above the nose even if both eyes are left open; although, she will have to cover her chest and majority of her face. Hasan (rahimahullah) says: She will cover half of her face.[16]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Similar narrations have been mentioned in other books of taf\u0101s\u012br <\/em> as well.[17]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

From this we can clearly see that the mufassir\u016bn<\/em> and great figures of the past such as Ibn ‘Abb\u0101s (radiyallahu ‘anhuma) consider that the dawning of the jilb\u0101b<\/em> for women includes the covering of the face. This is to the extent that there are narrations of leaving only one eye open as well. To substantiate this further, Imam Qurtubi also states under the tafs\u012br <\/em>of this verse:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0630\u0651\u064f\u0644\u064e\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0634\u0650\u0641\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064f\u062c\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0625\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u062f\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0646\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u060c \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0639\u0651\u064f\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0628\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u062c\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u062d\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u062c\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Since it was the habit of the Arab women to display their beauty as they would reveal their faces like the female slaves, and since such an action would lead to other men looking at them and filling their minds with thoughts of those women, Allah Ta<\/em>‘\u0101l\u0101 commanded <\/em>the Holy Prophet (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) to instruct the (Muslim) women to hang down their shawls over them whenever they would have a desire to go out for their needs.[18]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

-The Third Degree-<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Allah Ta’\u0101l\u0101 says in Surah an-N\u016br, verse 31:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0636\u064f\u0636\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u062c\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0638\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u062e\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u062c\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

And say to the believing women that they must lower their gazes and guard their private parts, and must not expose their adornment (i.e. places of beauty), except that which appears thereof, and must wrap their bosoms with their shawls…<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

This verse discusses the third and final degree of hij\u0101b<\/em>, which deals with hij\u0101b<\/em> of the second degree along with an exception to reveal certain portions of the body.[19]<\/a> The meaning of this verse is apparent; a women is not allowed to display her beauty and she should cover herself with her shawl. Although, scholars differ as to what the words “except that which appears thereof” refers to. Many mufassir\u016bn<\/em> such as Imam at-Tabar\u012b[20]<\/a>, Imam al-Qurtub\u012b[21]<\/a>, and Imam Ibn Kath\u012br[22]<\/a> have discussed the different narrations and opinions regarding this issue in detail. Mufti Shaf\u012b ‘Uthm\u0101n\u012b has provided a concise summary of the differences in his book Ahk\u0101m al-Qur\u0101n<\/em> in the following words:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628…\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645: \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The summary of the differences regarding the tafs<\/em>\u012br of “that which appears thereof” is that a difference of opinion exists between the Sahabah and T\u0101bi’\u012bn themselves. ‘Abdullah bin Mas’\u016bd (radiyallahu ‘anhu) and those who are of his opinion say that it refers to (their) clothes and the jilb\u0101b. According to this opinion, there is no room for those who exempt the face and the hands from hij\u0101b…’Abdullah bin ‘Abb\u0101s (radiyallahu ‘anhuma) and ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar (radiyallahu ‘anhuma) interpret the words “and must not expose their adornment, except that which appears thereof” as meaning the face and the hands. This tafs\u012br holds two possibilities. The first possibility: This (face and hands) is the tafs\u012br for the word “adornment” from which women have been forbidden to display. According to this tafs\u012br, in meaning it will be the same as the interpretation of Ibn Mas’\u016bd (radiyallahu ‘anhu); therefore, the hands and face will not be exempt (from the hij\u0101b). The second possibility: This is the tafs\u012br for “that which appears thereof”. According to this possibility, the face and the hands will be exempt from the hij\u0101b.[23]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

In more simple terms, the verses according to each interpretation will mean:<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) According to the tafs\u012br <\/em>of Ibn Mas’\u016bd (radiyallahu ‘anhu): A<\/em>nd (they) must not expose their adornment, except their outer garments (e.g. their jilb\u0101b).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) According to the tafs\u012br <\/em>of Ibn ‘Abb\u0101s (radiyallahu ‘anhuma): A<\/em>nd (they) must not expose their adornment, except their hands and faces.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

It is important to take note that this discussion only pertains to the interpretation<\/em> of this verse and not the ruling<\/em> for the hij\u0101b<\/em> itself.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Clarification on Women Exposing Their Face<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

One may conclude through this that there remains scope for women to expose their face as it is a valid tafs\u012br<\/em> of this verse. In order clear this misconception, we will expound with the following points:<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) After discussing the various opinions, Imam Qurtub\u012b says in his tafs\u012br<\/em>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064e: \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0644\u0650\u064a \u0628\u0650\u062d\u064f\u0643\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0638\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0622\u064a\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0650\u062f\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0625\u0650\u062e\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0644\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064c\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0650\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0628\u0650\u062d\u064f\u0643\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0636\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u062d\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650 \u0634\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0646\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0646\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0648\u0650 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e. \u0641\u064e”- \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0638\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064e” \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0624\u064e\u062f\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0651\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f. \u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064f: \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064c \u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064c\u060c \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0641\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0638\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0629..\u0641\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0644\u064f\u062d\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0650\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn ‘Atiyyah says: “What becomes apparent to me in regards to the ruling derived from the words of this verse is that women are commanded to not reveal themselves and that they try their best to conceal all that is considered to be adornment (beauty). The exception made here is due to certain movements that are absolutely necessary (for women to do) or in order to fix something, etc. As such, “that which appears thereof” in this context refers to revealing at times of necessity for women; therefore, it is amongst those things that are forgiven (due to a need).” According to me [referring to Imam al-Qurtub<\/em>\u012b himself], this is a better approach, except that since the face and hands become revealed habitually or at times of \u012bb\u0101dah…it is better to say that the exception refers to those two times
\n(only).[24]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) There are some who mention that revealing the face is permissible for women if there is no fear of fitnah[25]<\/strong><\/a><\/em>. In regards to this, Imam Jal\u0101ludd\u012bn al-Mahall\u012b mentions in his Tafs\u012br al-Jal\u0101layn<\/em>:<\/span><\/p>\n

{\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e}…{\u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0647\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0625\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0638\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627} \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u064a\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0641\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u062a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f \u0648\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a \u064a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0645 \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0638\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u0650\u062a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0650\u062d\u064e \u062d\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[The verse says] “<\/em>And they must not expose<\/em>“<\/em>…”their adornment, except that which appears thereof”. This refers to the face and the hands; therefore it should be permissible for one to look at a woman (i.e. her face) if he does not feel there will be fitnah. This is according to one opinion; the other opinion is that such an act is har\u0101m since there is a possibility of fitnah. This (second) opinion has been given preference in order to close the doors (leading to fitnah).[26]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Mufti Shaf\u012b’ comments on this as well in the following words:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062e\u062b\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u062e\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0627\u061b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0647\u061f \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

You already know that such a thing (not having fear of fitnah) was seldom found during the first era of Muslims as well (i.e. the time of the Holy Prophet sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam and his Sahabah radiyallahu ‘anhum) except that which Allah Ta’\u0101l\u0101 wanted. The story of Fadl ibn ‘Abb\u0101s (radiyallahu ‘anhu) and the woman of Khath’amiyyah attests to this fact since the Holy Prophet (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) turned the face of Fadl away from her (when he saw them staring at each other) as he told them: “I saw a young man and a young woman and I did not feel secure from fitnah arising between them.” As narrated by Imam Bukh\u0101r\u012b and Imam Tirmidh\u012b. [Considering this] what do you think is the situation in our times where good and evil have been labeled as equal, the hearts (of people) have turned upside down to the extent that they cannot even differentiate between wrong from right, where indecency (i.e. adultery, prostitution, etc.) has returned as a means to boast one’s own ego, where forbidden acts have become a business? A time where selfish desires travel with people like a dog travels with his partner? Where wishes and fancies have plunged people into its depths and its darkness. So how can one feel secure and certain that one’s heart will not be inclined towards her (i.e. towards committing indecency with her) when one’s eyes are focused on her?[27]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

(3) All four schools of thought (i.e. M\u0101lik\u012b, Hanbal\u012b, Shafi’\u012b, and Hanaf\u012b) agree that it is impermissible for women to expose their face in front of non-mahram<\/em> men[28]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

After discussing the points above, the conclusion the we arrive at is that although there is a difference of opinion regarding the tafs\u012br<\/em> of verse thirty one of Surah an-N\u016br, there remains no discrepancy in regards to the ruling derived therefrom. That is to say that even though there are authentic narrations concerning the meaning of “except that which appears thereof”, there still remains no disagreement pertaining to the application of the verse according to the vast majority of the fuqah\u0101<\/em>, especially in reference to our time where fitnah<\/em> lurks at every corner; therefore, it is not feasible for women to leave their homes with their faces uncovered in front of non-mahram<\/em> men.<\/span><\/p>\n

The core of this discussion boils down to the fact that the third degree of hij\u0101b<\/em> no longer remains an issue, whether it is because one opts for Ibn Mas\u016bd’s (radiyallahu ‘anhu) tafs\u012br<\/em> of the verse which states that “except that which appears thereof” simply refers to women’s outer garments and ornaments, or because the revealing of one’s face in our times can lead to fitnah<\/em>, and in order to close this door completely, the ruling of impermissibility was given preference.[29]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The Field of Ahk\u0101m<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Before we conclude this discussion, we would like to make one final point. The saying goes “to each his own”, but does this apply to the laws of Shari’ah? Like any other field, Islamic sciences have also been divided into different categories each with their own specialists. The muhaddith\u016bn <\/em>are tasked with preserving the words and as\u0101n\u012bd<\/em> (chains of narration) of ah\u0101d\u012bth<\/em> for later generations, whereas the mufassir\u016bn <\/em>discuss the meanings, interpretations, and explanations of the verses in the Holy Qur\u0101n. Similarly, the fuqah\u0101<\/em> are those who spent a great portion of their lives deducing rulings from the Holy Qur\u0101n and the Ah\u0101d\u012bth of the Holy Prophet (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam). One may say that each field is also linked to the other in one way or another.<\/span><\/p>\n

The point of consideration is that simply because one is a master in one field it does not necessitate that he is a master in another. If one holds a PhD in mechanical engineering, it does not mean that he has the knowledge to perform a surgery on a patient requiring a bypass. This also goes for one who has studied immensely on his own but does not hold the credentials needed to assert his authority in front of those who hold valid credentials in that field. For example, if one studies hundreds of books on the subject of medicine, keeps up with WebMD every day, and further reads every article regarding medicine for fifteen years, he still does not hold the credentials that a student of medicine would hold that only studied for a mere seven to eight years. The reason being is that certain sciences require certain procedures and experience under direct supervision of an authority in order to be labelled as a master in that field.<\/span><\/p>\n

To substantiate this point, consider the words of Imam Tirmidh\u012b, a great and renowned muhaddith<\/em>, regarding the status of the fuqaha<\/em>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062b\u0650<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

And they (the fuqah\u0101) have more knowledge of the meanings of the ah\u0101d\u012bth.[30]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

To conclude, while there may be some who attempt to interpret the meanings of the Qur\u0101n and ah\u0101d\u012bth in their own way, the rulings derived therefrom will not be taken into consideration unless uttered by the fuqah\u0101<\/em> themselves. The reason is very simple, the fuqah\u0101<\/em> are masters in the field of deduction and have written thousands and thousands of books on various subjects of ahk\u0101m<\/em>. Furthermore, such a claim is not something new; rather, the chain of fuqah\u0101<\/em> and their mastery in this field can be traced back to the first century of Islam. Their words have always been accepted as the final judgment in all matters of fiqh<\/em> (Islamic Jurisprudence) for over one thousand years. Simply being god fearing and a firm believer of the Quran does not mean one cannot err, especially when one’s opinion is weighed against a thousand years of study backed by thousands of scholars from the four accepted schools of thought. Such an opinion in the end contradicts ijm\u0101’<\/em> (consensus) and holds no weight in the sciences of fiqh<\/em> and deduction.<\/span><\/p>\n

The fact of the matter is that although one may have done great and outstanding work in a certain field and attained a high status in the eyes of the public, it does not necessitate that he has the credentials to make decisions regarding other fields of Islam.<\/span><\/p>\n

May Allah Ta’\u0101l\u0101 accept the efforts of all those who defend Islam and may He continue to take work from them. Ameen.<\/span><\/p>\n

And Allah Ta\u2019\u0101la Knows Best<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Checked and Approved by,
\nMufti Ebrahim Desai.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Al-Quran, Al-Isr\u0101, 32<\/span><\/h5>\n
[2]<\/a> Al-Quran, An-N\u016br, 31<\/span><\/h5>\n
[3]<\/a> Sah\u012bh Muslim, Book of al-Qadr (Fate)<\/em>, vol. 4, pg. 2047, Dar Ihy\u0101 at-Tur\u0101th<\/span><\/h5>\n
[4]<\/a> Sahih Muslim, 2128, The Book of Clothes and Adornment<\/em><\/span><\/h5>\n
[5]<\/a> Ma’ariful Quran, ” The Difference Between the Injunctions of Satr-ul-‘Awrah and Veiling of Women (Hijab)”, Surah al-Ahzab:53<\/span><\/h5>\n
[6]<\/a> \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0628\u064e\u062f\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0633\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0622\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0641\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0635\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
(\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0662\u0662)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
[7]<\/a> Al-Quran, Surah al-Qasas:25<\/span><\/h5>\n
[8]<\/a> Ibid.;<\/span><\/h5>\n
Ahk\u0101m al-Quran by Mufti Shaf\u012b’ ‘Uthm\u0101n\u012b, vol. 3, pg. 404-406, Idarah al-Quran w’al-‘Ul\u016bm al-Islamiyyah<\/span><\/h5>\n
[9]<\/a> Ma’ariful Quran, “The Second Issue – the Hijab of Women”, Surah al-Ahzab:53;<\/span><\/h5>\n
Ahk\u0101m al-Qur\u0101n by Mufti Muhammad Shaf\u012b’ ‘Uthman\u012b, vol. 3, pg. 408, Idarah al-Quran w’al-‘Ul\u016bm al-Islamiyyah<\/span><\/h5>\n
[10]<\/a> Surah al-Ahzab:33<\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
[11]<\/a> Ma’ariful Quran, “The First Degree of Hijab from People by Virtue of Staying Home”, Surah al-Ahzab:53;<\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628…\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0646…<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
(\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062c \u0663\u060c \u0635 \u0664\u0660\u0668\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629)\u061b<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a: \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062c \u0648 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0646 \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0646 \u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
(\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062c \u0663\u060c \u0635 \u0664\u0665\u0664\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629)\u061b<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
(\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u062d\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064d) \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0646 (\u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0642\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0628\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e) \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647: \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0637\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
(\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c \u0661\u0662\u060c \u0635 \u0663\u0669\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
[12]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621…\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c…\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062c \u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628…\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631: \u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
(\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062c \u0663\u060c \u0635 \u0664\u0660\u0668\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
[13]<\/a> Sunan at-Tirmidhi, 1173, The Book of Suckling<\/em><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/h5>\n
[14]<\/a> \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0628\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u062a\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0646\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064f\u062c\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0645\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0622\u062a\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0637\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0630\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0628\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u062c\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0637\u064e\u0647\u0651\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0647\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
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(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062c \u0667\u060c \u0635 \u0664\u0668\u0661\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
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((\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062c \u0667\u060c \u0635 \u0665\u0662\u0660\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
[15]<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629- \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: (\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e) \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064f \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639\u064f \u062c\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064d\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u062b\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0628\u064c \u0623\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650. \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f. \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0642\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064e: \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064f. \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u062d\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0631\u064f \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0646\u0650.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062c \u0667\u060c \u0635 \u0663\u0665\u0662\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
[16]<\/a> Ibid.<\/span><\/h5>\n
[17]<\/a> \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645: \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0621\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
* \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 (\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062c\u064e\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e) \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0621\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
* \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u062b\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 (\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062c\u064e\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e … ) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 (\u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u063a\u064e\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627) \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0646. \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628: \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
(\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c \u0661\u0662\u060c \u0635 \u0664\u0666\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631)\u061b<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0648 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
(\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062c \u0663\u060c \u0635 \u0664\u0665\u0663\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
[18]<\/a> Al-J\u0101mi’ li Ahk\u0101m al-Qur\u0101n of Imam al-Qurtub\u012b, vol. 7, pg. 532, Darul Had\u012bth<\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
[19]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
(\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062c \u0663\u060c \u0635 \u0664\u0665\u0664\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
[20]<\/a> \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: (\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e) \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647: \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0646\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646: \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
*\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646…<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
*\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u064f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633: (\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0638\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627) \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645….<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u064f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: (\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0638\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627) \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0651….<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646: \u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0628.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
*\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 (\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0638\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627) \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0628.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
(\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c \u0661\u0660\u060c \u0661\u0661\u0667-\u0661\u0661\u0669\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
[21]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062b\u064e\u0629\u064f- \u0623\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0633\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0638\u0650\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u060c \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062b\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0638\u0650\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0628\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0622\u064a\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u062d\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0650\u0627\u0641\u0652\u062a\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u060c \u062b\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062b\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0649\u060c \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062e\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064d: \u0638\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064f. \u0648\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u062c\u064f\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064d \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u064f. \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u062c\u064f\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064d \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064f: \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064f. \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0645\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064e: \u0638\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064f\u062d\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u0650\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0646\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650 \u00ab1\u00bb \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u062a\u064e\u062e\u064f \u00ab2\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0646\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0648\u064f \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064c \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062f\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062c \u0666\u060c \u0635 \u0665\u0661\u0668\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
[22]<\/a> \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e (4) : {\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0638\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627} \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652: \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u0628\u0650\u060c \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0643\u0650\u0646\u064f \u0625\u0650\u062e\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0624\u064f\u0647\u064f.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064d: \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650. \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a: \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f \u0646\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u060c \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650\u0642\u0652\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u062b\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062f\u064f\u0648 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650\u061b \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0643\u0650\u0646\u064f \u0625\u0650\u062e\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0624\u064f\u0647\u064f. [\u0648\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0638\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0632\u0650\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0643\u0650\u0646\u064f \u0625\u0650\u062e\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0624\u064f\u0647\u064f. \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e] (5) \u0628\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064d: \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064f\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0633\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064e\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652. \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0634\u0650\u060c \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u062f\u0650 \u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u062c\u064f\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064d: {\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0638\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627} \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: \u0648\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0641\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0645\u064f<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
(\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c \u0663\u060c \u0635 \u0663\u0664\u0668\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
[23]<\/a> Ahk\u0101m al-Qur\u0101n by Mufti Muhammad Shaf\u012b’ ‘Uthman\u012b, vol. 3, pg. 426, Idarah al-Quran w’al-‘Ul\u016bm al-Islamiyyah<\/span><\/h5>\n
[24]<\/a> Al-J\u0101mi’ li Ahk\u0101m al-Qur\u0101n of Imam al-Qurtub\u012b, vol. 7, pg. 519, Darul Had\u012bth<\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
[25]<\/a> \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0623\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0629…\u0641\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
(\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062c \u0663\u060c \u0635 \u0664\u0666\u0660\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n
[26]<\/a> Tafs\u012br al-Jal\u0101layn, Surah an-N\u016br, verse 31<\/span><\/h5>\n
[27]<\/a> Ahk\u0101m al-Qur\u0101n by Mufti Muhammad Shaf\u012b’ ‘Uthman\u012b, vol. 3, pg. 467, Idarah al-Quran w’al-‘Ul\u016bm al-Islamiyyah<\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
[28]<\/a> Although the Hanaf\u012b position seems to have some room for discussion, in our times the final position holds to be the same as the other three schools of thought.<\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
For a detailed discussion on this matter, refer to the following link:<\/span><\/h5>\n
http:\/\/www.deoband.org\/2009\/04\/fiqh\/miscellaneous\/the-niqab-and-its-obligation-in-the-hanafi-madhhab\/<\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
For information regarding the position of the other three madh\u0101hib<\/em>, refer to:<\/span><\/h5>\n
Ahk\u0101m al-Qur\u0101n by Mufti Muhammad Shaf\u012b’ ‘Uthman\u012b, vol. 3, pg. 460-467, Idarah al-Quran w’al-‘Ul\u016bm al-Islamiyyah<\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
Also see:<\/span><\/h5>\n
Ma’ariful Quran, ” The Third Degree of Islamic Legal Hijab About Which Jurists Differ “, Surah al-Ahzab:53<\/span><\/h5>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n
[29]<\/a> Ahk\u0101m al-Qur\u0101n by Mufti Muhammad Shaf\u012b’ ‘Uthman\u012b, vol. 3, pg. 469, Idarah al-Quran w’al-‘Ul\u016bm al-Islamiyyah<\/span><\/h5>\n
[30]<\/a> Sunan at-Tirmidh\u012b, 990, The Book Jan\u0101iz (Funerals)<\/em><\/span><\/h5>\n
<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Question: Aslamualikum…My Question is related to Hijab..I want to know the proper Defination of Hijab Because in different<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1601,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,23,25],"tags":[96,151],"class_list":["post-107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-character-and-morals","category-social-issues","category-women-related","tag-hijab","tag-modesty"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fatwa-tt.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}