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Breaking fast due to breastfeeding.

fatwa-tt June 16, 2016

Question:

Breast feeding mother breaks fast, is kaffarah due? If so how many days to fast?

Answer:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

If the breast feeding mother broke fast due to weakness or acute sickness, or she feared the baby’s health would be endangered, then she would only have to do Qadha (make up) for the broken fast after Ramadhan.[1]

Kaffarah would be necessary if the fast was broken without an excuse valid in Shari’ah, for example sickness.

 

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Mufti Arshad Ali

Darul Iftaa, Jaamia Madinatul Uloom (Trinidad)

www.fatwa-tt.com /www.jaamia.net

[1] الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (2/ 422)

(قَوْلُهُ أَوْ مُرْضِعٍ) هِيَ الَّتِي شَأْنُهَا الْإِرْضَاعُ وَإِنْ لَمْ تُبَاشِرْهُ، وَالْمُرْضِعَةُ هِيَ الَّتِي فِي حَالِ الْإِرْضَاعِ مُلْقِمَةٌ ثَدْيَهَا الصَّبِيَّ نَهْرٌ عَنْ الْكَشَّافِ (قَوْلُهُ أُمًّا كَانَتْ أَوْ ظِئْرًا) .

أَمَّا الظِّئْرُ فَلِأَنَّ الْإِرْضَاعَ وَاجِبٌ عَلَيْهَا بِالْعَقْدِ، وَأَمَّا الْأُمُّ فَلِوُجُوبِهِ دِيَانَةً مُطْلَقًا وَقَضَاءً إذَا كَانَ الْأَبُ مُعْسِرًا أَوْ كَانَ الْوَلَدُ لَا يَرْضَعُ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا، وَبِهَذَا انْدَفَعَ مَا فِي الذَّخِيرَةِ، مِنْ أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِالْمُرْضِعِ الظِّئْرُ لَا الْأُمُّ فَإِنَّ الْأَبَ يَسْتَأْجِرُ غَيْرَهَا بَحْرٌ وَنَحْوُهُ فِي الْفَتْحِ.

تبيين الحقائق شرح كنز الدقائق وحاشية الشلبي (1/ 336)

(وَلِلْحَامِلِ وَالْمُرْضِعِ إنْ خَافَتَا عَلَى الْوَلَدِ أَوْ النَّفْسِ) أَيْ لَهُمَا الْفِطْرُ وَهُوَ مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ فِي أَوَّلِ الْفَصْلِ لِمَنْ خَافَ زِيَادَةَ الْمَرَضِ الْفِطْرُ لِمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ – صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ – قَالَ «إنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَضَعَ عَنْ الْمُسَافِرِ الصَّوْمَ وَشَطْرَ الصَّلَاةِ وَعَنْ الْحُبْلَى وَالْمُرْضِعِ الصَّوْمَ» وَلِأَنَّهُمَا يَلْحَقُهُمَا الْحَرَجُ بِالصَّوْمِ فَيُشْرَعُ الْإِفْطَارُ فِي حَقِّهِمَا كَالْمُسَافِرِ وَالْمَرِيضِ

درر الحكام شرح غرر الأحكام (1/ 208)

 (قَوْلُهُ أَوْ مُرْضِعٌ) إنَّمَا لَمْ يَقُلْ الْمُرْضِعَةُ؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ الصِّفَاتِ الثَّابِتَةِ لَا الْحَادِثَةِ إلَّا إذَا أُرِيدَ الْحُدُوثُ بِأَنْ يُقَالَ مُرْضِعَةٌ الْآنَ (قَوْلُهُ خَافَتْ) الْمُرَادُ بِالْخَوْفِ غَلَبَةُ الظَّنِّ بِتَجْرِبَةٍ أَوْ بِإِخْبَارِ طَبِيبٍ حَاذِقٍ مُسْلِمٍ غَيْرِ ظَاهِرِ الْفِسْقِ، وَقِيلَ عَدَالَتُهُ شَرْطٌ كَذَا فِي الْبَحْرِ وَجَزَمَ بِهِ فِي الْبُرْهَانِ فَقَالَ: وَطَرِيقُ مَعْرِفَتِهِ الِاجْتِهَادُ فَإِذَا غَلَبَ عَلَى ظَنِّهِ أَفْطَرَ، وَكَذَا إذَا أَخْبَرَهُ طَبِيبٌ حَاذِقٌ عَدْلٌ اهـ

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